fix: resolve rebase conflicts and fix package name

Leyoda 2026 – GPLv3

Cargo.lock

@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ checksum = "fe6d2e5af09e8c8ad56c969f2157a3d4238cebc7c55f0a517728c38f7b200f81"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "termcolor",
- "unicode-width 0.1.14",
+ "unicode-width 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -989,7 +989,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "calloop",
- "cgmath",
  "clap_lex",
  "cosmic-comp-config",
  "cosmic-config",
@@ -1001,14 +1000,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "egui_plot",
  "futures-executor",
  "futures-util",
+ "glam 0.33.2",
  "i18n-embed",
  "i18n-embed-fl",
+ "iced_graphics",
  "iced_tiny_skia",
  "id_tree",
  "indexmap 2.13.0",
  "jiff",
  "keyframe",
- "libcosmic-yoda",
+ "libcosmic",
  "libdisplay-info",
  "libsystemd",
  "log-panics",
@@ -1025,6 +1026,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sanitize-filename",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "smallvec",
  "smithay",
  "smithay-egui",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -2160,6 +2162,12 @@ version = "0.25.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "151665d9be52f9bb40fc7966565d39666f2d1e69233571b71b87791c7e0528b3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glam"
+version = "0.33.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f22fb22f065b308be0d8724e3706c7fa3fc2a6c7d6899df4cad7860e7a75436"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "glow"
 version = "0.16.0"
@@ -2474,7 +2482,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cosmic-client-toolkit",
  "dnd",
- "glam",
+ "glam 0.25.0",
  "lilt",
  "log",
  "mime 0.1.0",
@@ -2590,7 +2598,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cosmic-client-toolkit",
  "cryoglyph",
  "futures",
- "glam",
+ "glam 0.25.0",
  "guillotiere",
  "iced_debug",
  "iced_graphics",
@@ -3131,7 +3139,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "68ab91017fe16c622486840e4c83c9a37afeff978bd239b5293d61ece587de66"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libcosmic-yoda"
+name = "libcosmic"
 version = "0.1.0-yoda.2"
 dependencies = [
  "apply",
@@ -5249,14 +5257,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.15.1"
+version = "1.15.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
+checksum = "8ed6a63f02c8539c91a8685a86f4099661ba3da017932f6ebbea6de3f0fa7c90"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smithay"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/smithay/smithay.git?rev=8eb4076#8eb4076cad8705c56f5e3bac8577b83576b6ce76"
+source = "git+https://github.com/smithay/smithay.git?rev=1ed69cb#1ed69cb55e9d0e9f38887c3b7d53d24365c4b14f"
 dependencies = [
  "aliasable",
  "appendlist",
@@ -5265,7 +5273,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
  "calloop",
  "cc",
- "cgmath",
  "cursor-icon",
  "downcast-rs",
  "drm",
@@ -5275,6 +5282,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "gbm",
  "gl_generator",
+ "glam 0.33.2",
  "glow",
  "indexmap 2.13.0",
  "input",

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ edition = "2024"
 license = "GPL-3.0-only"
 name = "cosmic-comp"
 version = "1.0.0"
-rust-version = "1.90"
+rust-version = "1.93"
 
 [workspace]
 members = ["cosmic-comp-config"]
@@ -40,9 +40,10 @@ i18n-embed = { version = "0.16", features = [
 ] }
 i18n-embed-fl = "0.10"
 iced_tiny_skia = { path = "../libcosmic/iced/tiny_skia" }
+iced_graphics = { path = "../libcosmic/iced/graphics", features = ["geometry"] }
 indexmap = "2.13"
 keyframe = "1.1.1"
-cosmic = { package = "libcosmic-yoda", path = "../libcosmic", default-features = false, features = [
+cosmic = { package = "libcosmic", path = "../libcosmic", default-features = false, features = [
     "tokio",
     "wayland",
     "multi-window",
@@ -87,7 +88,8 @@ parking_lot = "0.12.5"
 logind-zbus = { version = "5.3.2", optional = true }
 futures-executor = { version = "0.3.32" }
 futures-util = "0.3.32"
-cgmath = "0.18.0"
+glam = { version = "0.33", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+smallvec = "1.15.2"
 
 [dependencies.id_tree]
 branch = "feature/copy_clone"
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ inherits = "release"
 [profile.release]
 lto = "fat"
 
-[patch.'https://github.com/pop-os/libcosmic']
+[patch."https://github.com/pop-os/libcosmic"]
 cosmic-config = { path = "../libcosmic/cosmic-config" }
 cosmic-theme = { path = "../libcosmic/cosmic-theme" }
 iced = { path = "../libcosmic/iced" }
@@ -158,21 +160,21 @@ iced_wgpu = { path = "../libcosmic/iced/wgpu" }
 iced_widget = { path = "../libcosmic/iced/widget" }
 iced_winit = { path = "../libcosmic/iced/winit" }
 
-[patch.'https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-protocols']
+[patch."https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-protocols"]
 cosmic-protocols = { path = "../cosmic-protocols" }
 cosmic-client-toolkit = { path = "../cosmic-protocols/client-toolkit" }
 
-[patch.'https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-settings-daemon']
+[patch."https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-settings-daemon"]
 cosmic-settings-config = { path = "../cosmic-settings-daemon/config" }
 cosmic-settings-daemon-config = { path = "../cosmic-settings-daemon/cosmic-settings-daemon-config" }
 
-[patch.'https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-text.git']
+[patch."https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-text.git"]
 cosmic-text = { path = "../cosmic-text" }
 
-[patch.'https://forge.aditua.com/leyoda/window_clipboard.git']
+[patch."https://forge.aditua.com/leyoda/window_clipboard.git"]
 window_clipboard = { path = "../window_clipboard" }
 dnd = { path = "../window_clipboard/dnd" }
 mime = { path = "../window_clipboard/mime" }
 
 [patch.crates-io]
-smithay = { git = "https://github.com/smithay/smithay.git", rev = "8eb4076" }
+smithay = { git = "https://github.com/smithay/smithay.git", rev = "1ed69cb" }

examples/customized-window-decorations.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct Circle {
     color: Color,
 }
 
-impl<Message, Theme, Renderer: cosmic::iced_renderer::geometry::Renderer>
+impl<Message, Theme, Renderer: iced_graphics::geometry::Renderer>
     canvas::Program<Message, Theme, Renderer> for Circle
 {
     type State = ();
@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ impl<Internal, Message: std::clone::Clone + 'static, Lower: Decorations<Internal
 {
     fn view(&self, window: &Internal) -> cosmic::Element<'_, Message> {
         let orig = self.lower.view(window);
-        widget::row()
-            .push(
-                widget::column()
-                    .push(canvas(Circle {
-                        radius: (self.height as f32 / 2.) * 0.8,
-                        color: Color::from_rgba(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
-                    }))
-                    .width(self.height as f32),
-            )
-            .push(orig)
-            .into()
+        widget::row([
+            widget::column([canvas(Circle {
+                radius: (self.height as f32 / 2.) * 0.8,
+                color: Color::from_rgba(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            })
+            .into()])
+            .width(self.height as f32)
+            .into(),
+            orig,
+        ])
+        .into()
     }
 }
 

resources/i18n/de/cosmic_comp.ftl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 a11y-zoom-move-continuously = Ansicht bewegt sich kontinuierlich mit dem Cursor
 a11y-zoom-move-onedge = Ansicht bewegt sich, sobald der Cursor den Rand erreicht
 a11y-zoom-move-centered = Ansicht bewegt sich, um den Cursor zentiert zu halten
-a11y-zoom-settings = Vergrößerungsglas-Einstellungen…
+a11y-zoom-settings = Vergrößerungsglas-Einstellungen ...
 grow-window = Vergrößern
 shrink-window = Verkleinern
 swap-windows = Fenster tauschen

resources/i18n/kmr/cosmic_comp.ftl

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+grow-window = Mezin bike
+shrink-window = Biçûk bike
+window-menu-move = Bilivîne
+window-menu-close = Bigire
+window-menu-resize-edge-top = Jor
+window-menu-resize-edge-left = Çep
+window-menu-resize-edge-right = Rast
+window-menu-resize-edge-bottom = Jêr
+unknown-keybinding = <unset>
+window-menu-minimize = Biçûk bike
+window-menu-maximize = Mezin bike
+window-menu-fullscreen = Dîmendera tije
+window-menu-tiled = Çarçoveya herikbar
+window-menu-screenshot = Wêneya dîmenderê bigire
+window-menu-resize = Mezinahiyê ji nû ve saz bike
+window-menu-move-prev-workspace = Bilivîne bo qada xebatê ya paş
+window-menu-move-next-workspace = Bilivîne bo qada xebatê ya pêş
+window-menu-stack = Komkirina çarçoveyê biafrîne
+window-menu-unstack-all = Çarçoveyan kom neke
+window-menu-unstack = Çarçoveyê kom neke
+window-menu-sticky = Çarçoveya daliqandî
+window-menu-close-all = Hemû çarçoveyan bigire
+a11y-zoom-move-continuously = Dîtin bi nîşanker re bi awayekî domdar dilive
+a11y-zoom-move-onedge = Dîtin dema nîşanker dikeve qeraxê dilive
+a11y-zoom-move-centered = Dîtin dilive da ku nîşanker navîn bimîne
+a11y-zoom-settings = Sazkariyên mezinkerê...
+swap-windows = Çarçoveyan biguhêrîne
+stack-windows = Çarçoveyan dalqîne

src/backend/kms/device.rs

@@ -943,6 +943,7 @@ impl LockedDevice<'_> {
                         output,
                         CursorMode::All,
                         None,
+                        None,
                     )
                     .with_context(|| "Failed to render outputs")?,
                     None => Vec::new(),

src/backend/kms/mod.rs

@@ -978,6 +978,7 @@ impl KmsGuard<'_> {
                                     output,
                                     CursorMode::All,
                                     None,
+                                    None,
                                 )
                                 .with_context(|| "Failed to render outputs")?;
 
@@ -1088,6 +1089,7 @@ impl KmsGuard<'_> {
                                 output,
                                 CursorMode::All,
                                 None,
+                                None,
                             )
                             .with_context(|| "Failed to render outputs")?;
 
@@ -1132,6 +1134,7 @@ impl KmsGuard<'_> {
                         output,
                         CursorMode::All,
                         None,
+                        None,
                     )
                     .with_context(|| "Failed to render outputs")?;
 

src/backend/kms/render/gles.rs

@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ use smithay::{
         },
         drm::{CreateDrmNodeError, DrmNode},
         renderer::{
-            RendererSuper,
             gles::{GlesError, GlesRenderer, ffi},
             glow::GlowRenderer,
-            multigpu::{ApiDevice, Error as MultiError, GraphicsApi},
+            multigpu::{ApiDevice, GraphicsApi},
         },
     },
     reexports::drm::control::Device,
@@ -32,8 +31,6 @@ use std::{
     sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
 };
 
-use crate::backend::render::element::FromGlesError;
-
 /// Errors raised by the [`GbmGlesBackend`]
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -213,15 +210,3 @@ impl ApiDevice for GbmGlowDevice {
         !self.intel_export_quirk
     }
 }
-
-impl<T: GraphicsApi, A: AsFd + Device + Clone + 'static> FromGlesError
-    for MultiError<GbmGlowBackend<A>, T>
-where
-    T::Error: 'static,
-    <<T::Device as ApiDevice>::Renderer as RendererSuper>::Error: 'static,
-{
-    #[inline]
-    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> MultiError<GbmGlowBackend<A>, T> {
-        MultiError::Render(err)
-    }
-}

src/backend/kms/socket.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl Common {
     ) -> Result<Socket> {
         let socket_name = format!(
             "{}-{}",
-            &self.socket.to_string_lossy(),
+            self.socket.to_string_lossy(),
             render_node
                 .dev_path()
                 .unwrap()

src/backend/kms/surface/mod.rs

@@ -1068,6 +1068,7 @@ impl SurfaceThreadState {
             None,
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             Some((&self.egui, &self.timings)),
+            Some(self.target_node),
         )
         .map_err(|err| {
             anyhow::format_err!("Failed to accumulate elements for rendering: {:?}", err)
@@ -1673,7 +1674,7 @@ fn send_screencopy_result<'a>(
     pre_postprocess_data: &mut PrePostprocessData,
     tx: &std::sync::mpsc::Sender<PendingImageCopyData>,
     frame_result: &RenderFrameResult<GbmBuffer, GbmFramebuffer, CosmicElement<GlMultiRenderer<'a>>>,
-    elements: &[CosmicElement<GlMultiRenderer>],
+    elements: &[CosmicElement<GlMultiRenderer<'a>>],
     (session, frame, res): (
         &ScreencopySessionRef,
         ScreencopyFrame,
@@ -1854,6 +1855,8 @@ fn send_screencopy_result<'a>(
         transform,
         damage.as_deref(),
         sync,
+        // Don't reference `Buffer`s since we blit from framebuffer/postprocess buffer
+        vec![],
     )? {
         if frame_result.is_empty {
             data.frame

src/backend/render/cursor.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
 
-use crate::{utils::prelude::*, wayland::handlers::compositor::FRAME_TIME_FILTER};
+use crate::{
+    backend::render::{
+        element::AsGlowRenderer,
+        wayland::{SurfaceRenderElement, push_render_elements_from_surface_tree},
+    },
+    utils::prelude::*,
+    wayland::handlers::compositor::FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+};
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
         allocator::Fourcc,
@@ -9,10 +16,10 @@ use smithay::{
             element::{
                 Kind,
                 memory::{MemoryRenderBuffer, MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement},
-                surface::{WaylandSurfaceRenderElement, render_elements_from_surface_tree},
             },
         },
     },
+    desktop::utils::bbox_from_surface_tree,
     input::{
         Seat,
         pointer::{CursorIcon, CursorImageAttributes, CursorImageStatus},
@@ -114,24 +121,63 @@ enum Error {
     NoDefaultCursor,
     #[error("Error opening xcursor file: {0}")]
     File(#[from] std::io::Error),
-    #[error("Failed to parse XCursor file")]
-    Parse,
+}
+
+fn cursor_aliases(name: &str) -> &[&str] {
+    match name {
+        "default" => &["default", "left_ptr", "arrow"],
+        "pointer" => &["pointer", "hand2", "hand"],
+        "text" => &["text", "xterm"],
+        "wait" => &["wait", "watch"],
+        "progress" => &["progress", "left_ptr_watch"],
+
+        "ew-resize" => &["ew-resize", "h_double_arrow", "sb_h_double_arrow"],
+        "ns-resize" => &["ns-resize", "v_double_arrow", "sb_v_double_arrow"],
+        "nw-resize" => &["nw-resize", "top_left_corner"],
+        "ne-resize" => &["ne-resize", "top_right_corner"],
+        "sw-resize" => &["sw-resize", "bottom_left_corner"],
+        "se-resize" => &["se-resize", "bottom_right_corner"],
+
+        "w-resize" => &["w-resize", "left_side"],
+        "e-resize" => &["e-resize", "right_side"],
+        "n-resize" => &["n-resize", "top_side"],
+        "s-resize" => &["s-resize", "bottom_side"],
+
+        "move" => &["move", "fleur"],
+        "not-allowed" => &["not-allowed", "crossed_circle"],
+        "crosshair" => &["crosshair", "cross"],
+        "help" => &["help", "question_arrow", "left_ptr_help"],
+
+        _ => &[],
+    }
 }
 
 fn load_icon(theme: &CursorTheme, shape: CursorIcon) -> Result<Vec<Image>, Error> {
-    let icon_path = theme
-        .load_icon(&shape.to_string())
-        .ok_or(Error::NoDefaultCursor)?;
-    let mut cursor_file = std::fs::File::open(&icon_path)?;
-    let mut cursor_data = Vec::new();
-    cursor_file.read_to_end(&mut cursor_data)?;
-    parse_xcursor(&cursor_data).ok_or(Error::Parse)
+    let shape_name = shape.to_string();
+
+    for name in cursor_aliases(&shape_name)
+        .iter()
+        .copied()
+        .chain(std::iter::once(shape_name.as_str()))
+    {
+        if let Some(icon_path) = theme.load_icon(name) {
+            let mut cursor_file = std::fs::File::open(&icon_path)?;
+            let mut cursor_data = Vec::new();
+            cursor_file.read_to_end(&mut cursor_data)?;
+
+            if let Some(images) = parse_xcursor(&cursor_data) {
+                return Ok(images);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(Error::NoDefaultCursor)
 }
 
 render_elements! {
-    pub CursorRenderElement<R> where R: ImportAll + ImportMem;
+    pub CursorRenderElement<R> where R: ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer, R::TextureId: Send;
     Static=MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>,
-    Surface=WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>,
+    Surface=SurfaceRenderElement<R>,
 }
 
 pub fn draw_surface_cursor<R>(
@@ -139,9 +185,10 @@ pub fn draw_surface_cursor<R>(
     surface: &wl_surface::WlSurface,
     location: Point<f64, Logical>,
     scale: impl Into<Scale<f64>>,
-) -> Vec<(CursorRenderElement<R>, Point<i32, Physical>)>
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll,
+    blur_strength: usize,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(CursorRenderElement<R>, Point<i32, Physical>),
+) where
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
 {
     let scale = scale.into();
@@ -156,17 +203,21 @@ where
             .to_physical_precise_round(scale)
     });
 
-    render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+    push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
         renderer,
         surface,
         location.to_physical(scale).to_i32_round(),
+        bbox_from_surface_tree(surface, location.to_i32_round()).to_f64(),
         scale,
         1.0,
+        false,
+        [0; 4],
+        None,
+        blur_strength,
         Kind::Cursor,
-    )
-    .into_iter()
-    .map(|elem| (elem, h))
-    .collect()
+        &mut |elem| push(elem.into(), h),
+        None,
+    );
 }
 
 #[profiling::function]
@@ -175,9 +226,10 @@ pub fn draw_dnd_icon<R>(
     surface: &wl_surface::WlSurface,
     location: Point<f64, Logical>,
     scale: impl Into<Scale<f64>>,
-) -> Vec<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll,
+    blur_strength: usize,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+) where
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
 {
     if get_role(surface) != Some("dnd_icon") {
@@ -187,14 +239,21 @@ where
         );
     }
     let scale = scale.into();
-    render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+    push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
         renderer,
         surface,
         location.to_physical(scale).to_i32_round(),
+        bbox_from_surface_tree(surface, location.to_i32_round()).to_f64(),
         scale,
         1.0,
+        false,
+        [0; 4],
+        None,
+        blur_strength,
         FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
-    )
+        push,
+        None,
+    );
 }
 
 pub type CursorState = Mutex<CursorStateInner>;
@@ -277,10 +336,11 @@ pub fn draw_cursor<R>(
     scale: Scale<f64>,
     buffer_scale: f64,
     time: Time<Monotonic>,
+    blur_strength: usize,
     draw_default: bool,
-) -> Vec<(CursorRenderElement<R>, Point<i32, Physical>)>
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportMem + ImportAll,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(CursorRenderElement<R>, Point<i32, Physical>),
+) where
+    R: Renderer + ImportMem + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
 {
     // draw the cursor as relevant
@@ -291,7 +351,7 @@ where
     let state = &mut *state_ref;
 
     if state.hidden {
-        return Vec::new();
+        return;
     }
 
     let named_cursor = state.current_cursor.or(match cursor_status {
@@ -300,7 +360,7 @@ where
     });
     if let Some(current_cursor) = named_cursor {
         if !draw_default && current_cursor == CursorIcon::Default {
-            return Vec::new();
+            return;
         }
 
         let integer_scale = (scale.x.max(scale.y) * buffer_scale).ceil() as u32;
@@ -337,7 +397,7 @@ where
             );
         state.current_image = Some(frame);
 
-        return vec![(
+        push(
             CursorRenderElement::Static(
                 MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement::from_buffer(
                     renderer,
@@ -351,11 +411,9 @@ where
                 .expect("Failed to import cursor bitmap"),
             ),
             hotspot.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-        )];
+        );
     } else if let CursorImageStatus::Surface(ref wl_surface) = cursor_status {
-        return draw_surface_cursor(renderer, wl_surface, location, scale);
-    } else {
-        Vec::new()
+        draw_surface_cursor(renderer, wl_surface, location, scale, blur_strength, push);
     }
 }
 

src/backend/render/element.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-use crate::shell::{CosmicMappedRenderElement, WorkspaceRenderElement};
+use crate::{
+    backend::{
+        kms::render::gles::GbmGlowBackend,
+        render::{GlMultiError, wayland::SurfaceRenderElement},
+    },
+    shell::{CosmicMappedRenderElement, WorkspaceRenderElement},
+    utils::iced::IcedRenderElement,
+};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
 use smithay::backend::renderer::element::texture::TextureRenderElement;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
         allocator::dmabuf::Dmabuf,
+        drm::DrmDeviceFd,
         renderer::{
-            Bind, Blit, ExportMem, ImportAll, ImportMem, Offscreen, Renderer,
+            Bind, Blit, ContextId, ExportMem, ImportAll, ImportMem, Offscreen, Renderer,
             element::{
                 Element, Id, Kind, RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage,
-                memory::MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement,
-                surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
                 utils::{CropRenderElement, Relocate, RelocateRenderElement, RescaleRenderElement},
             },
             gles::{GlesError, GlesRenderbuffer, GlesTexture, element::TextureShaderElement},
             glow::{GlowFrame, GlowRenderer},
+            multigpu::MultiTexture,
             utils::{CommitCounter, DamageSet, OpaqueRegions},
         },
     },
@@ -28,19 +35,20 @@ use super::{GlMultiRenderer, cursor::CursorRenderElement};
 pub enum CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     Workspace(
         RelocateRenderElement<CropRenderElement<RescaleRenderElement<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>>>>,
     ),
     Cursor(RescaleRenderElement<RelocateRenderElement<CursorRenderElement<R>>>),
-    Dnd(WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    Dnd(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
     MoveGrab(RescaleRenderElement<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>),
     Postprocess(
         CropRenderElement<RelocateRenderElement<RescaleRenderElement<TextureShaderElement>>>,
     ),
-    Zoom(MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>),
+    Zoom(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+    Damage(DamageElement),
     #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
     Egui(TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>),
 }
@@ -48,7 +56,7 @@ where
 impl<R> Element for CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &Id {
@@ -59,6 +67,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.id(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.id(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.id(),
         }
@@ -72,6 +81,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
         }
@@ -85,6 +95,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.src(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.src(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.src(),
         }
@@ -98,6 +109,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
         }
@@ -111,6 +123,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.location(scale),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.location(scale),
         }
@@ -124,6 +137,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.transform(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.transform(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.transform(),
         }
@@ -141,6 +155,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
         }
@@ -154,6 +169,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
         }
@@ -167,6 +183,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.alpha(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.alpha(),
         }
@@ -180,6 +197,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.kind(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.kind(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.kind(),
         }
@@ -193,6 +211,7 @@ where
             CosmicElement::MoveGrab(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicElement::Postprocess(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
         }
@@ -202,8 +221,7 @@ where
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn draw(
@@ -237,9 +255,12 @@ where
                     opaque_regions,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => {
+                RenderElement::<R>::draw(elem, frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
+            }
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => {
                 let glow_frame = R::glow_frame_mut(frame);
@@ -252,7 +273,7 @@ where
                     opaque_regions,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -268,6 +289,7 @@ where
                 elem.underlying_storage(glow_renderer)
             }
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => {
                 let glow_renderer = renderer.glow_renderer_mut();
@@ -293,16 +315,19 @@ where
                 RenderElement::<GlowRenderer>::capture_framebuffer(
                     elem, glow_frame, src, dst, cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicElement::Zoom(elem) => elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache),
+            CosmicElement::Damage(elem) => {
+                RenderElement::<R>::capture_framebuffer(elem, frame, src, dst, cache)
+            }
             #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
             CosmicElement::Egui(elem) => {
                 let glow_frame = R::glow_frame_mut(frame);
                 RenderElement::<GlowRenderer>::capture_framebuffer(
                     elem, glow_frame, src, dst, cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -312,7 +337,7 @@ impl<R> From<CropRenderElement<RescaleRenderElement<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>>>>
     for CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: CropRenderElement<RescaleRenderElement<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>>>) -> Self {
@@ -324,22 +349,33 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<R> From<MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>> for CosmicElement<R>
+impl<R> From<IcedRenderElement<R>> for CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
-    fn from(value: MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: IcedRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         Self::Zoom(value)
     }
 }
 
+impl<R> From<DamageElement> for CosmicElement<R>
+where
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
+    CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
+{
+    fn from(value: DamageElement) -> Self {
+        Self::Damage(value)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
 impl<R> From<TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>> for CosmicElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>) -> Self {
@@ -365,6 +401,12 @@ pub trait AsGlowRenderer:
     fn glow_frame_mut<'a, 'frame, 'buffer>(
         frame: &'a mut Self::Frame<'frame, 'buffer>,
     ) -> &'a mut GlowFrame<'frame, 'buffer>;
+    fn tex_from_gl(context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>, texture: GlesTexture) -> Self::TextureId;
+    fn tex_to_gl(
+        context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>,
+        texture: &Self::TextureId,
+    ) -> Option<GlesTexture>;
+    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> Self::Error;
 }
 
 impl AsGlowRenderer for GlowRenderer {
@@ -384,6 +426,18 @@ impl AsGlowRenderer for GlowRenderer {
     ) -> &'a mut GlowFrame<'frame, 'buffer> {
         frame
     }
+    fn tex_from_gl(_context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>, texture: GlesTexture) -> Self::TextureId {
+        texture
+    }
+    fn tex_to_gl(
+        _context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>,
+        texture: &Self::TextureId,
+    ) -> Option<GlesTexture> {
+        Some(texture.clone())
+    }
+    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> Self::Error {
+        err
+    }
 }
 
 impl AsGlowRenderer for GlMultiRenderer<'_> {
@@ -403,6 +457,18 @@ impl AsGlowRenderer for GlMultiRenderer<'_> {
     ) -> &'b mut GlowFrame<'frame, 'buffer> {
         frame.as_mut()
     }
+    fn tex_from_gl(context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>, texture: GlesTexture) -> Self::TextureId {
+        MultiTexture::from_native_texture::<GbmGlowBackend<DrmDeviceFd>>(context, texture).unwrap()
+    }
+    fn tex_to_gl(
+        context: &ContextId<GlesTexture>,
+        texture: &Self::TextureId,
+    ) -> Option<GlesTexture> {
+        texture.get::<GbmGlowBackend<DrmDeviceFd>>(context)
+    }
+    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> Self::Error {
+        GlMultiError::Render(err)
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct DamageElement {
@@ -458,13 +524,3 @@ impl<R: Renderer> RenderElement<R> for DamageElement {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
-
-pub trait FromGlesError {
-    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> Self;
-}
-
-impl FromGlesError for GlesError {
-    fn from_gles_error(err: GlesError) -> Self {
-        err
-    }
-}

src/backend/render/mod.rs

@@ -15,14 +15,19 @@ use crate::{
     backend::{
         kms::render::gles::GbmGlowBackend,
         render::{
-            clipped_surface::{CLIPPING_SHADER, ClippingShader},
             element::DamageElement,
             shadow::{SHADOW_SHADER, ShadowShader},
+            wayland::{
+                SurfaceRenderElement,
+                blur_effect::BlurShaders,
+                clipped_surface::{CLIPPING_SHADER, ClippingShader},
+                push_render_elements_from_surface_tree,
+            },
         },
     },
     config::ScreenFilter,
     shell::{
-        CosmicMappedRenderElement, OverviewMode, SeatExt, Trigger, WorkspaceDelta,
+        CosmicMappedRenderElement, OutputId, OverviewMode, SeatExt, Trigger, WorkspaceDelta,
         WorkspaceRenderElement,
         element::CosmicMappedKey,
         focus::{FocusTarget, Stage, render_input_order, target::WindowGroup},
@@ -34,25 +39,26 @@ use crate::{
     wayland::{
         handlers::{
             compositor::FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+            corner_radius::{pad_rect, surface_corners, surface_padding},
             data_device::get_dnd_icon,
-            image_copy_capture::{FrameHolder, SessionData, render_session},
+            image_copy_capture::{
+                FrameHolder, SessionData, render_element_buffers, render_session,
+            },
         },
         protocols::workspace::WorkspaceHandle,
     },
 };
 
 use cosmic::Theme;
-use element::FromGlesError;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
         allocator::Fourcc,
         drm::{DrmDeviceFd, DrmNode},
         renderer::{
-            Color32F, ImportAll, Offscreen, Renderer, Texture, TextureFilter,
+            Color32F, Offscreen, Texture, TextureFilter,
             damage::{Error as RenderError, OutputDamageTracker, RenderOutputResult},
             element::{
-                Element, Id, Kind, RenderElement, WeakId,
-                surface::{WaylandSurfaceRenderElement, render_elements_from_surface_tree},
+                Element, Id, Kind, NamespacedElement, RenderElement, WeakId,
                 texture::{TextureRenderBuffer, TextureRenderElement},
                 utils::{
                     ConstrainAlign, ConstrainScaleBehavior, CropRenderElement, Relocate,
@@ -69,22 +75,23 @@ use smithay::{
             sync::SyncPoint,
         },
     },
+    desktop::utils::bbox_from_surface_tree,
     input::Seat,
     output::{Output, OutputModeSource, OutputNoMode},
     utils::{
         IsAlive, Logical, Monotonic, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size, Time, Transform,
     },
-    wayland::{dmabuf::get_dmabuf, session_lock::LockSurface},
+    wayland::{compositor::with_states, dmabuf::get_dmabuf, session_lock::LockSurface},
 };
 
 #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
 use smithay_egui::EguiState;
 
 pub mod animations;
-pub mod clipped_surface;
 pub mod cursor;
 pub mod element;
 pub mod shadow;
+pub mod wayland;
 use self::element::{AsGlowRenderer, CosmicElement};
 
 use super::kms::Timings;
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ impl IndicatorShader {
             .filter(|(old_settings, _)| &settings == old_settings)
             .is_none()
         {
-            let thickness: f32 = ((thickness as f64 * scale).ceil() / scale) as f32;
+            let thickness: f32 = ((thickness as f64 * scale) / scale) as f32;
             let shader = Self::get(renderer);
 
             let elem = PixelShaderElement::new(
@@ -422,6 +429,7 @@ pub fn init_shaders(renderer: &mut GlesRenderer) -> Result<(), GlesError> {
             UniformName::new("geo_size", UniformType::_2f),
             UniformName::new("corner_radius", UniformType::_4f),
             UniformName::new("input_to_geo", UniformType::Matrix3x3),
+            UniformName::new("noise", UniformType::_1f),
         ],
     )?;
     let shadow_shader = renderer.compile_custom_pixel_shader(
@@ -437,6 +445,7 @@ pub fn init_shaders(renderer: &mut GlesRenderer) -> Result<(), GlesError> {
             UniformName::new("window_corner_radius", UniformType::_4f),
         ],
     )?;
+    let blur_shaders = BlurShaders::compile(renderer)?;
 
     let egl_context = renderer.egl_context();
     egl_context
@@ -454,6 +463,7 @@ pub fn init_shaders(renderer: &mut GlesRenderer) -> Result<(), GlesError> {
     egl_context
         .user_data()
         .insert_if_missing(|| ShadowShader(shadow_shader));
+    egl_context.user_data().insert_if_missing(|| blur_shaders);
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -471,12 +481,14 @@ pub fn cursor_elements<'a, 'frame, R>(
     seats: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Seat<State>>,
     zoom_state: Option<&ZoomState>,
     theme: &Theme,
+    blur_strength: usize,
     now: Time<Monotonic>,
     output: &Output,
     mode: CursorMode,
     exclude_dnd_icon: bool,
-) -> Vec<CosmicElement<R>>
-where
+    scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicElement<R>),
+) where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -490,7 +502,6 @@ where
             )
         })
         .unwrap_or_else(|| ((0., 0.).into(), 1.));
-    let mut elements = Vec::new();
 
     for seat in seats {
         let pointer = match seat.get_pointer() {
@@ -500,19 +511,17 @@ where
         let location = pointer.current_location() - output.current_location().to_f64();
 
         if mode != CursorMode::None {
-            elements.extend(
-                cursor::draw_cursor(
-                    renderer,
-                    seat,
-                    location,
-                    scale.into(),
-                    zoom_scale,
-                    now,
-                    mode != CursorMode::NotDefault,
-                )
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(elem, hotspot)| {
-                    CosmicElement::Cursor(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+            cursor::draw_cursor(
+                renderer,
+                seat,
+                location,
+                scale.into(),
+                zoom_scale,
+                now,
+                blur_strength,
+                mode != CursorMode::NotDefault,
+                &mut |elem, hotspot| {
+                    push(CosmicElement::Cursor(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
                         RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
                             elem,
                             Point::from((-hotspot.x, -hotspot.y)),
@@ -523,63 +532,55 @@ where
                             .to_physical(output.current_scale().fractional_scale())
                             .to_i32_round(),
                         zoom_scale,
-                    ))
-                }),
+                    )))
+                },
             );
         }
 
         if !exclude_dnd_icon && let Some(dnd_icon) = get_dnd_icon(seat) {
-            elements.extend(
-                cursor::draw_dnd_icon(
-                    renderer,
-                    &dnd_icon.surface,
-                    (location + dnd_icon.offset.to_f64()).to_i32_round(),
-                    scale,
-                )
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(CosmicElement::Dnd),
+            cursor::draw_dnd_icon(
+                renderer,
+                &dnd_icon.surface,
+                (location + dnd_icon.offset.to_f64()).to_i32_round(),
+                scale,
+                blur_strength,
+                &mut |elem| push(CosmicElement::Dnd(elem)),
             );
         }
 
         let theme = theme.cosmic();
-        if let Some(grab_elements) = seat
+        if let Some(grab_state) = seat
             .user_data()
             .get::<SeatMoveGrabState>()
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
             .as_ref()
-            .map(|state| state.render::<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>, R>(renderer, output, theme))
         {
-            elements.extend(grab_elements.into_iter().map(|elem| {
-                CosmicElement::MoveGrab(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+            grab_state.render(renderer, output, theme, scanout_node, &mut |elem| {
+                push(CosmicElement::MoveGrab(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
                     elem,
                     focal_point
                         .as_logical()
                         .to_physical(output.current_scale().fractional_scale())
                         .to_i32_round(),
                     zoom_scale,
-                ))
-            }));
+                )));
+            })
         }
 
-        if let Some((grab_elements, should_scale)) = seat
+        if let Some(grab_state) = seat
             .user_data()
             .get::<SeatMenuGrabState>()
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
             .as_ref()
-            .map(|state| {
-                (
-                    state.render::<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>, R>(renderer, output),
-                    !state.is_in_screen_space(),
-                )
-            })
         {
-            elements.extend(grab_elements.into_iter().map(|elem| {
-                CosmicElement::MoveGrab(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
-                    elem,
+            let should_scale = !grab_state.is_in_screen_space();
+            grab_state.render(renderer, output, &mut |elem| {
+                push(CosmicElement::MoveGrab(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+                    elem.into(),
                     if should_scale {
                         focal_point
                             .as_logical()
@@ -589,12 +590,10 @@ where
                         Point::from((0, 0))
                     },
                     if should_scale { zoom_scale } else { 1.0 },
-                ))
-            }));
+                )));
+            })
         }
     }
-
-    elements
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
@@ -615,11 +614,11 @@ pub fn output_elements<R>(
     output: &Output,
     cursor_mode: CursorMode,
     _fps: Option<(&EguiState, &Timings)>,
+    scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<CosmicElement<R>>, RenderError<R::Error>>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
@@ -646,7 +645,7 @@ where
                     ),
                     scale,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
                 .map_err(RenderError::Rendering)?
                 .into(),
             ]
@@ -690,6 +689,7 @@ where
         workspace,
         cursor_mode,
         element_filter,
+        scanout_node,
     )?;
 
     #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
@@ -713,15 +713,15 @@ pub fn workspace_elements<R>(
     current: (WorkspaceHandle, usize),
     cursor_mode: CursorMode,
     element_filter: ElementFilter,
+    scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<CosmicElement<R>>, RenderError<R::Error>>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
-    let mut elements = Vec::new();
+    let mut elements = Vec::<CosmicElement<R>>::new();
 
     let shell_ref = shell.read();
     let seats = shell_ref.seats.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -729,21 +729,25 @@ where
         return Ok(Vec::new());
     }
     let theme = shell_ref.theme().clone();
+    let blur_strength = (theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize;
     let scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
     // we don't want to hold a shell lock across `cursor_elements`,
     // that is prone to deadlock with the main-thread on some grabs.
     std::mem::drop(shell_ref);
 
-    elements.extend(cursor_elements(
+    cursor_elements(
         renderer,
         seats.iter(),
         zoom_level,
         &theme,
+        blur_strength,
         now,
         output,
         cursor_mode,
         element_filter == ElementFilter::ExcludeWorkspaceOverview,
-    ));
+        scanout_node,
+        &mut |elem| elements.push(elem),
+    );
 
     let shell = shell.read();
     let overview = shell.overview_mode();
@@ -819,72 +823,132 @@ where
     render_input_order::<()>(&shell, output, previous, current, element_filter, |stage| {
         match stage {
             Stage::ZoomUI => {
-                elements.extend(ZoomState::render(renderer, output));
+                ZoomState::render(renderer, output, &mut |elem| {
+                    elements.push(CosmicElement::Zoom(elem))
+                });
             }
             Stage::SessionLock(lock_surface) => {
-                elements.extend(
-                    session_lock_elements(renderer, output, lock_surface)
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(Into::into)
-                        .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                        .map(Into::into),
-                );
+                session_lock_elements(renderer, output, lock_surface, blur_strength, &mut |elem| {
+                    elements.extend(crop_to_output(elem.into()).map(Into::into))
+                })
             }
             Stage::LayerPopup {
-                popup, location, ..
+                popup,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx,
+                ..
             } => {
-                elements.extend(
-                    render_elements_from_surface_tree::<_, WorkspaceRenderElement<_>>(
-                        renderer,
-                        popup.wl_surface(),
-                        location
-                            .to_local(output)
-                            .as_logical()
-                            .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-                        Scale::from(scale),
-                        1.0,
-                        FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                    .map(Into::into),
-                );
+                let mut geometry = popup.geometry().as_global();
+                geometry.loc += location;
+
+                let radii = with_states(popup.wl_surface(), |states| {
+                    surface_corners(states, geometry.size.as_logical())
+                })
+                .unwrap_or([0; 4]);
+
+                let namespace = output
+                    .user_data()
+                    .get::<OutputId>()
+                    .map(|id| id.namespace_for_workspace(workspace_idx))
+                    .unwrap_or(workspace_idx);
+
+                push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+                    renderer,
+                    popup.wl_surface(),
+                    location
+                        .to_local(output)
+                        .as_logical()
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                    geometry.to_local(output).as_logical().to_f64(),
+                    Scale::from(scale),
+                    1.0,
+                    false,
+                    radii,
+                    None,
+                    blur_strength,
+                    FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        elements.extend(
+                            crop_to_output(NamespacedElement::new(elem, namespace).into())
+                                .map(Into::into),
+                        )
+                    },
+                    None,
+                )
             }
-            Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location } => {
-                elements.extend(
-                    render_elements_from_surface_tree::<_, WorkspaceRenderElement<_>>(
-                        renderer,
-                        layer.wl_surface(),
-                        location
-                            .to_local(output)
-                            .as_logical()
-                            .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-                        Scale::from(scale),
-                        1.0,
-                        FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                    .map(Into::into),
+            Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx,
+            } => {
+                let mut geometry = layer.geometry().as_global();
+                geometry.loc += location;
+                let geometry = geometry.to_local(output).as_logical();
+
+                let padded = with_states(layer.wl_surface(), |states| {
+                    surface_padding(states, geometry.size)
+                        .and_then(|padding| pad_rect(geometry, &padding))
+                })
+                .unwrap_or(geometry);
+                let radii = with_states(layer.wl_surface(), |states| {
+                    surface_corners(states, padded.size)
+                })
+                .unwrap_or([0; 4]);
+
+                let namespace = output
+                    .user_data()
+                    .get::<OutputId>()
+                    .map(|id| id.namespace_for_workspace(workspace_idx))
+                    .unwrap_or(workspace_idx);
+
+                push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+                    renderer,
+                    layer.wl_surface(),
+                    location
+                        .to_local(output)
+                        .as_logical()
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                    geometry.to_f64(),
+                    Scale::from(scale),
+                    1.0,
+                    false,
+                    radii,
+                    padded.to_f64(),
+                    blur_strength,
+                    FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        elements.extend(
+                            crop_to_output(NamespacedElement::new(elem, namespace).into())
+                                .map(Into::into),
+                        )
+                    },
+                    None,
                 );
             }
             Stage::OverrideRedirect { surface, location } => {
-                elements.extend(surface.wl_surface().into_iter().flat_map(|surface| {
-                    render_elements_from_surface_tree::<_, WorkspaceRenderElement<_>>(
+                if let Some(wl_surface) = surface.wl_surface() {
+                    let mut geometry = surface.geometry().as_global();
+                    geometry.loc += location;
+
+                    push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
                         renderer,
-                        &surface,
+                        &wl_surface,
                         location
                             .to_local(output)
                             .as_logical()
                             .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                        geometry.to_local(output).as_logical().to_f64(),
                         Scale::from(scale),
                         1.0,
+                        false,
+                        [0; 4],
+                        None,
+                        blur_strength,
                         FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                    .map(Into::into)
-                }));
+                        &mut |elem| elements.extend(crop_to_output(elem.into()).map(Into::into)),
+                        None,
+                    );
+                }
             }
             Stage::StickyPopups(layout) => {
                 let alpha = match &overview.0 {
@@ -905,14 +969,11 @@ where
                     OverviewMode::None => 1.0,
                 };
 
-                elements.extend(
-                    layout
-                        .render_popups(renderer, alpha)
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(Into::into)
-                        .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                        .map(Into::into),
-                );
+                layout.render_popups(renderer, alpha, scanout_node, &mut |elem| {
+                    if let Some(elem) = crop_to_output(elem.into()) {
+                        elements.push(elem.into())
+                    }
+                });
             }
             Stage::Sticky(layout) => {
                 let alpha = match &overview.0 {
@@ -937,79 +998,66 @@ where
                     .then_some(last_active_seat)
                     .map(|seat| workspace.focus_stack.get(seat));
 
-                elements.extend(
-                    layout
-                        .render(
-                            renderer,
-                            current_focus.as_ref().and_then(|stack| {
-                                stack.last().and_then(|t| match t {
-                                    FocusTarget::Window(w) => Some(w),
-                                    _ => None,
-                                })
-                            }),
-                            resize_indicator.clone(),
-                            active_hint,
-                            alpha,
-                            theme.cosmic(),
-                        )
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(Into::into)
-                        .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                        .map(Into::into),
-                )
+                layout.render(
+                    renderer,
+                    current_focus.as_ref().and_then(|stack| {
+                        stack.last().and_then(|t| match t {
+                            FocusTarget::Window(w) => Some(w),
+                            _ => None,
+                        })
+                    }),
+                    resize_indicator.clone(),
+                    active_hint,
+                    alpha,
+                    theme.cosmic(),
+                    scanout_node,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        if let Some(elem) = crop_to_output(elem.into()) {
+                            elements.push(elem.into())
+                        }
+                    },
+                );
             }
             Stage::WorkspacePopups { workspace, offset } => {
-                elements.extend(
-                    match workspace.render_popups(
-                        renderer,
-                        last_active_seat,
-                        !move_active && is_active_space,
-                        overview.clone(),
-                        theme.cosmic(),
-                    ) {
-                        Ok(elements) => {
-                            elements
-                                .into_iter()
-                                .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                                .map(|element| {
-                                    CosmicElement::Workspace(RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
-                                        element,
-                                        offset.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-                                        Relocate::Relative,
-                                    ))
-                                })
-                        }
-                        Err(_) => {
-                            return ControlFlow::Break(Err(OutputNoMode));
+                workspace.render_popups(
+                    renderer,
+                    last_active_seat,
+                    !move_active && is_active_space,
+                    overview.clone(),
+                    theme.cosmic(),
+                    scanout_node,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        if let Some(elem) = crop_to_output(elem) {
+                            elements.push(CosmicElement::Workspace(
+                                RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                    elem,
+                                    offset.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                                    Relocate::Relative,
+                                ),
+                            ));
                         }
                     },
                 );
             }
             Stage::Workspace { workspace, offset } => {
-                elements.extend(
-                    match workspace.render(
-                        renderer,
-                        last_active_seat,
-                        !move_active && is_active_space,
-                        overview.clone(),
-                        resize_indicator.clone(),
-                        active_hint,
-                        theme.cosmic(),
-                    ) {
-                        Ok(elements) => {
-                            elements
-                                .into_iter()
-                                .flat_map(crop_to_output)
-                                .map(|element| {
-                                    CosmicElement::Workspace(RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
-                                        element,
-                                        offset.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-                                        Relocate::Relative,
-                                    ))
-                                })
-                        }
-                        Err(_) => {
-                            return ControlFlow::Break(Err(OutputNoMode));
+                workspace.render(
+                    renderer,
+                    last_active_seat,
+                    !move_active && is_active_space,
+                    overview.clone(),
+                    resize_indicator.clone(),
+                    active_hint,
+                    theme.cosmic(),
+                    scanout_node,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        if let Some(elem) = crop_to_output(elem) {
+                            elements.push(CosmicElement::Workspace(
+                                RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                    elem,
+                                    offset.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                                    Relocate::Relative,
+                                ),
+                            ));
                         }
                     },
                 );
@@ -1026,23 +1074,29 @@ fn session_lock_elements<R>(
     renderer: &mut R,
     output: &Output,
     lock_surface: Option<&LockSurface>,
-) -> Vec<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll,
+    blur_strength: usize,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+) where
+    R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
 {
     if let Some(surface) = lock_surface {
         let scale = Scale::from(output.current_scale().fractional_scale());
-        render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+        push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
             renderer,
             surface.wl_surface(),
             (0, 0),
+            bbox_from_surface_tree(surface.wl_surface(), (0, 0)).to_f64(),
             scale,
             1.0,
+            false,
+            [0; 4],
+            None,
+            blur_strength,
             FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+            push,
+            None,
         )
-    } else {
-        Vec::new()
     }
 }
 
@@ -1190,7 +1244,6 @@ pub fn render_output<'d, R>(
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
     CosmicElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -1454,11 +1507,16 @@ where
                             }
                         }
 
-                        Ok(RenderOutputResult {
-                            damage: res.0,
-                            sync,
-                            states: res.1,
-                        })
+                        let buffers = render_element_buffers(renderer, &elements);
+
+                        Ok((
+                            RenderOutputResult {
+                                damage: res.0,
+                                sync,
+                                states: res.1,
+                            },
+                            buffers,
+                        ))
                     },
                 )? {
                     pending_image_copy_data.send_success_when_ready(
@@ -1495,12 +1553,23 @@ pub fn render_workspace<'d, R>(
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
     CosmicElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
-    let elements: Vec<CosmicElement<R>> = workspace_elements(
+    let mut elements: Vec<CosmicElement<R>> = if let Some(additional_damage) = additional_damage {
+        let output_geo = output.geometry().to_local(output).as_logical();
+        additional_damage
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|rect| rect.intersection(output_geo))
+            .map(DamageElement::new)
+            .map(CosmicElement::from)
+            .collect()
+    } else {
+        Vec::new()
+    };
+
+    elements.extend(workspace_elements(
         gpu,
         renderer,
         shell,
@@ -1511,17 +1580,8 @@ where
         current,
         cursor_mode,
         element_filter,
-    )?;
-
-    if let Some(additional_damage) = additional_damage {
-        let output_geo = output.geometry().to_local(output).as_logical();
-        let additional_damage_elements: Vec<_> = additional_damage
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|rect| rect.intersection(output_geo))
-            .map(DamageElement::new)
-            .collect();
-        damage_tracker.damage_output(age, &additional_damage_elements)?;
-    }
+        None,
+    )?);
 
     let res = damage_tracker.render_output(
         renderer,

src/backend/render/shaders/blur_downsample.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#version 100
+
+//_DEFINES_
+
+precision highp float;
+
+varying vec2 v_coords;
+
+uniform sampler2D tex;
+uniform vec2 half_pixel;
+uniform float offset;
+
+uniform float alpha;
+#if defined(DEBUG_FLAGS)
+uniform float tint;
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    vec4 sum = texture2D(tex, v_coords) * 4.0;
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords - half_pixel * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + half_pixel * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(half_pixel.x, -half_pixel.y) * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords - vec2(half_pixel.x, -half_pixel.y) * offset);
+
+    if (sum.a == 0.0) {
+        gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    } else {
+        gl_FragColor = sum / sum.a;
+    }
+}

src/backend/render/shaders/blur_upsample.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#version 100
+
+precision highp float;
+
+varying vec2 v_coords;
+
+uniform sampler2D tex;
+uniform vec2 half_pixel;
+uniform float offset;
+
+uniform float alpha;
+#if defined(DEBUG_FLAGS)
+uniform float tint;
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    vec4 sum = texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(-half_pixel.x * 2.0, 0.0) * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(-half_pixel.x, half_pixel.y) * offset) * 2.0;
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(0.0, half_pixel.y * 2.0) * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(half_pixel.x, half_pixel.y) * offset) * 2.0;
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(half_pixel.x * 2.0, 0.0) * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(half_pixel.x, -half_pixel.y) * offset) * 2.0;
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(0.0, -half_pixel.y * 2.0) * offset);
+    sum += texture2D(tex, v_coords + vec2(-half_pixel.x, -half_pixel.y) * offset) * 2.0;
+
+    if (sum.a == 0.0) {
+        gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    } else {
+        gl_FragColor = sum / sum.a;
+    }
+}

src/backend/render/shaders/clipped_surface.frag

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ uniform float tint;
 uniform vec2 geo_size;
 uniform vec4 corner_radius;
 uniform mat3 input_to_geo;
+uniform float noise;
 
 float rounding_alpha(vec2 coords, vec2 size) {
     vec2 center;
@@ -51,15 +52,26 @@ float rounding_alpha(vec2 coords, vec2 size) {
     return 1.0 - smoothstep(radius - half_px, radius + half_px, dist);
 }
 
-void main() {
-    vec3 coords_geo = input_to_geo * vec3(v_coords, 1.0);
+float hash(vec2 p) {
+    vec3 p3 = fract(vec3(p.xyx) * 727.727);
+    p3 += dot(p3, p3.xyz + 33.33);
+    return fract((p3.x + p3.y) * p3.z);
+}
+
+void main() {
+    if (alpha <= 0.0) {
+        discard;
+    }
 
-    // Sample the texture.
     vec4 color = texture2D(tex, v_coords);
     #if defined(NO_ALPHA)
     color = vec4(color.rgb, 1.0);
     #endif
+    if (color.a <= 0.0) {
+        discard;
+    }
 
+    vec3 coords_geo = input_to_geo * vec3(v_coords, 1.0);
     if (coords_geo.x < 0.0 || 1.0 < coords_geo.x || coords_geo.y < 0.0 || 1.0 < coords_geo.y) {
         // Clip outside geometry.
         color = vec4(0.0);
@@ -68,8 +80,20 @@ void main() {
         color = color * rounding_alpha(coords_geo.xy * geo_size, geo_size);
     }
 
+    if (color.a <= 0.0) {
+        discard;
+    }
+
+    if (noise > 0.0) {
+        // Add noise fx
+        // This can be used to achieve a glass look
+        float noiseHash = hash(v_coords);
+        float noiseAmount = (mod(noiseHash, 1.0) - 0.5);
+        color.rgb += noiseAmount * noise;
+    }
+
     // Apply final alpha and tint.
-    color = color * alpha;
+    color *= alpha;
 
     #if defined(DEBUG_FLAGS)
     if (tint == 1.0)

src/backend/render/shadow.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{borrow::Borrow, cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap};
 
-use cgmath::{Matrix3, Vector2};
+use glam::{Affine2, Mat3, Vec2};
 use smithay::{
     backend::renderer::{
         element::Kind,
@@ -113,26 +113,26 @@ impl ShadowShader {
             let mut shader_geo = Rectangle::new(Point::from((-width, -width)), shader_size);
 
             let window_geo = Rectangle::new(Point::new(0., 0.) - offset - shader_geo.loc, geo.size);
-            let area_size = Vector2::new(shader_geo.size.w, shader_geo.size.h);
-            let geo_loc = Vector2::new(-shader_geo.loc.x, -shader_geo.loc.y);
+            let area_size = Vec2::new(shader_geo.size.w as f32, shader_geo.size.h as f32);
+            let geo_loc = Vec2::new(-shader_geo.loc.x as f32, -shader_geo.loc.y as f32);
             shader_geo.loc += offset + geo.loc;
 
-            let input_to_geo = (Matrix3::from_nonuniform_scale(area_size.x, area_size.y)
-                * Matrix3::from_translation(Vector2::new(
-                    -geo_loc.x / area_size.x,
-                    -geo_loc.y / area_size.y,
-                )))
-            .cast::<f32>()
-            .unwrap();
+            let input_to_geo = Mat3::from(
+                Affine2::from_scale(area_size)
+                    * Affine2::from_translation(Vec2::new(
+                        -geo_loc.x / area_size.x,
+                        -geo_loc.y / area_size.y,
+                    )),
+            );
 
-            let window_geo_loc = Vector2::new(window_geo.loc.x, window_geo.loc.y);
-            let window_input_to_geo = (Matrix3::from_nonuniform_scale(area_size.x, area_size.y)
-                * Matrix3::from_translation(Vector2::new(
-                    -window_geo_loc.x / area_size.x,
-                    -window_geo_loc.y / area_size.y,
-                )))
-            .cast::<f32>()
-            .unwrap();
+            let window_geo_loc = Vec2::new(window_geo.loc.x as f32, window_geo.loc.y as f32);
+            let window_input_to_geo = Mat3::from(
+                Affine2::from_scale(area_size)
+                    * Affine2::from_translation(Vec2::new(
+                        -window_geo_loc.x / area_size.x,
+                        -window_geo_loc.y / area_size.y,
+                    )),
+            );
 
             let element = PixelShaderElement::new(
                 shader,

src/backend/render/wayland/blur_effect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+use std::{
+    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
+    sync::{LazyLock, Mutex},
+};
+
+use glam::{Affine2, Mat3, Vec2};
+use smithay::{
+    backend::{
+        allocator::Fourcc,
+        renderer::{
+            Bind, BlitFrame, Color32F, ContextId, Frame, FrameContext, ImportAll, Offscreen,
+            Renderer, Texture, TextureFilter,
+            element::{Element, Id, Kind, RenderElement},
+            gles::{
+                GlesError, GlesFrame, GlesRenderer, GlesTexProgram, GlesTexture, Uniform,
+                UniformName, UniformType, UniformValue, ffi,
+            },
+            sync::SyncPoint,
+            utils::{CommitCounter, DamageSet},
+        },
+    },
+    utils::{
+        Buffer, Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size, Transform, user_data::UserDataMap,
+    },
+    wayland::compositor::SurfaceData,
+};
+use tracing::trace;
+
+use crate::{
+    backend::render::{element::AsGlowRenderer, wayland::clipped_surface::ClippingShader},
+    wayland::handlers::background_effect::ComputedBlurRegionCachedState,
+};
+
+pub static BLUR_DOWNSAMPLE_SHADER: &str = include_str!("../shaders/blur_downsample.frag");
+pub static BLUR_UPSAMPLE_SHADER: &str = include_str!("../shaders/blur_upsample.frag");
+
+const NOISE: f32 = 0.03;
+const MAX_STEPS: usize = 15;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+struct BlurParameters {
+    passes: usize,
+    offset: f64,
+    extended_radius: i32,
+}
+
+static BLUR_PARAMS: LazyLock<Vec<BlurParameters>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    let mut params = Vec::new();
+
+    let mut remaining_steps = MAX_STEPS as isize;
+    let offsets = [
+        // min offset, max offset, extended radius to avoid artifacts
+        (1.0, 2.0, 10),
+        (2.0, 3.0, 20),
+        (2.0, 5.0, 50),
+        (3.0, 8.0, 150),
+    ];
+
+    let sum = offsets.iter().map(|(min, max, _)| *max - *min).sum::<f64>();
+    for (i, (min, max, extended_radius)) in offsets.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut iter_num = f64::ceil((max - min) / sum * (MAX_STEPS as f64)) as usize;
+        remaining_steps -= iter_num as isize;
+
+        if remaining_steps < 0 {
+            iter_num = iter_num.saturating_add_signed(remaining_steps);
+        }
+
+        let diff = max - min;
+        for j in 1..=iter_num {
+            params.push(BlurParameters {
+                passes: i + 1,
+                offset: min + (diff / iter_num as f64) * j as f64,
+                extended_radius,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    trace!("Computed blur values: {:#?}", &params);
+    params
+});
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BlurShaders {
+    down: GlesTexProgram,
+    up: GlesTexProgram,
+}
+
+impl BlurShaders {
+    pub fn compile(renderer: &mut GlesRenderer) -> Result<BlurShaders, GlesError> {
+        let up = renderer.compile_custom_texture_shader(
+            BLUR_UPSAMPLE_SHADER,
+            &[
+                UniformName::new("half_pixel", UniformType::_2f),
+                UniformName::new("offset", UniformType::_1f),
+            ],
+        )?;
+        let down = renderer.compile_custom_texture_shader(
+            BLUR_DOWNSAMPLE_SHADER,
+            &[
+                UniformName::new("half_pixel", UniformType::_2f),
+                UniformName::new("offset", UniformType::_1f),
+            ],
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(BlurShaders { up, down })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get<R: AsGlowRenderer>(renderer: &R) -> Self {
+        Borrow::<GlesRenderer>::borrow(renderer.glow_renderer())
+            .egl_context()
+            .user_data()
+            .get::<BlurShaders>()
+            .expect("Custom Shaders not initialized")
+            .clone()
+    }
+}
+
+type BlurTexture<T> = Mutex<Option<T>>;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BlurState {
+    pub id: Id,
+    pub renderer_id: Option<ContextId<GlesTexture>>,
+    pub src: Size<f64, Buffer>,
+    pub offset: f64,
+    pub passes: usize,
+    pub region: Vec<Rectangle<i32, Logical>>,
+    pub commit: CommitCounter,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for BlurState {}
+unsafe impl Sync for BlurState {}
+
+impl Default for BlurState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        BlurState {
+            id: Id::new(),
+            renderer_id: None,
+            src: Size::new(0., 0.),
+            offset: 0.,
+            passes: 0,
+            region: Vec::new(),
+            commit: CommitCounter::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BlurElement {
+    id: Id,
+    commit: CommitCounter,
+    src: Size<f64, Buffer>,
+    extended_offset: Point<f64, Logical>,
+    geometry: Rectangle<f64, Logical>,
+    scaling_shaders: BlurShaders,
+    render_shader: GlesTexProgram,
+    region: Vec<Rectangle<i32, Logical>>,
+    offset: f64,
+    passes: usize,
+    uniforms: Vec<Uniform<'static>>,
+}
+
+impl BlurElement {
+    pub fn from_state<R: ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer>(
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        state: &mut BlurState,
+        geometry: Rectangle<f64, Logical>,
+        output_scale: f64,
+        radii: [u8; 4],
+        strength: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error> {
+        let region = vec![Rectangle::from_size(geometry.size.to_i32_round())];
+
+        Self::internal(
+            renderer,
+            state,
+            geometry,
+            &region,
+            output_scale,
+            radii,
+            strength,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_surface<R: ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer>(
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        states: &SurfaceData,
+        geometry: Rectangle<f64, Logical>,
+        output_scale: f64,
+        radii: [u8; 4],
+        strength: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error> {
+        let mut blur_region_state = states.cached_state.get::<ComputedBlurRegionCachedState>();
+        let Some(region) = blur_region_state.current().blur_region.as_ref() else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        let state = states
+            .data_map
+            .get_or_insert_threadsafe::<Mutex<BlurState>, _>(Default::default);
+
+        Self::internal(
+            renderer,
+            &mut state.lock().unwrap(),
+            geometry,
+            region,
+            output_scale,
+            radii,
+            strength,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn internal<R: ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer>(
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        state: &mut BlurState,
+        geometry: Rectangle<f64, Logical>,
+        region: &Vec<Rectangle<i32, Logical>>,
+        output_scale: f64,
+        radii: [u8; 4],
+        strength: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error> {
+        if strength == 0 || geometry.size.w == 0. || geometry.size.h == 0. {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
+        let geo = geometry.to_physical_precise_round(output_scale);
+        let mut extended_geo = geo;
+        let radius = BLUR_PARAMS[(strength + 2).min(MAX_STEPS - 1)].extended_radius as f64;
+        extended_geo.loc -= Point::<f64, Physical>::new(radius, radius);
+        extended_geo.size += Size::<f64, Physical>::new(radius, radius).upscale(2.);
+
+        // compute input_to_geo so that it crops the extended capture radius
+        let geo_scale = {
+            let Scale { x, y } = geo.size / extended_geo.size;
+            Affine2::from_scale(Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32)).inverse()
+        };
+        let geo_translation = {
+            let offset = geo.loc - extended_geo.loc;
+            Affine2::from_translation(-Vec2::new(
+                (offset.x / extended_geo.size.w) as f32,
+                (offset.y / extended_geo.size.h) as f32,
+            ))
+        };
+        let input_to_geo = Mat3::from(geo_scale * geo_translation);
+
+        let uniforms = vec![
+            Uniform::new("geo_size", (geometry.size.w as f32, geometry.size.h as f32)),
+            Uniform::new(
+                "corner_radius",
+                [
+                    radii[3] as f32,
+                    radii[1] as f32,
+                    radii[0] as f32,
+                    radii[2] as f32,
+                ],
+            ),
+            Uniform::new(
+                "input_to_geo",
+                UniformValue::Matrix3x3 {
+                    matrices: vec![*AsRef::<[f32; 9]>::as_ref(&input_to_geo)],
+                    transpose: false,
+                },
+            ),
+            Uniform::new("noise", UniformValue::_1f(NOISE)),
+        ];
+
+        let geometry = extended_geo.to_logical(output_scale);
+        let extended_offset = Point::<f64, Physical>::new(radius, radius).to_logical(output_scale);
+
+        let renderer_id = renderer.glow_renderer().context_id();
+        let src = geometry.size.to_buffer(output_scale, Transform::Normal);
+        let params = &BLUR_PARAMS[strength.min(MAX_STEPS - 1)];
+
+        let dirty = !(state
+            .renderer_id
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|id| id == &renderer_id)
+            && state.offset == params.offset
+            && state.passes == params.passes
+            && &state.region == region
+            && state.src == src);
+
+        state.renderer_id = Some(renderer_id);
+        state.offset = params.offset;
+        state.passes = params.passes;
+        state.region = region.clone();
+        state.src = src;
+        if dirty {
+            state.commit.increment();
+        }
+
+        Ok(Some(BlurElement {
+            id: state.id.clone(),
+            commit: state.commit,
+            src,
+            geometry,
+            extended_offset,
+            scaling_shaders: BlurShaders::get(renderer),
+            render_shader: ClippingShader::get(renderer),
+            offset: state.offset,
+            passes: state.passes,
+            region: region
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+                .map(|mut rect| {
+                    rect.loc += extended_offset.to_i32_round();
+                    rect
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            uniforms,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Element for BlurElement {
+    fn id(&self) -> &Id {
+        &self.id
+    }
+
+    fn current_commit(&self) -> CommitCounter {
+        self.commit
+    }
+
+    fn src(&self) -> Rectangle<f64, Buffer> {
+        Rectangle::from_size(self.src)
+    }
+
+    fn geometry(&self, scale: Scale<f64>) -> Rectangle<i32, Physical> {
+        self.geometry.to_physical_precise_round(scale)
+    }
+
+    fn transform(&self) -> Transform {
+        Transform::Normal
+    }
+
+    fn damage_since(
+        &self,
+        scale: Scale<f64>,
+        commit: Option<CommitCounter>,
+    ) -> DamageSet<i32, Physical> {
+        if self.commit.distance(commit).is_none_or(|d| d > 0) {
+            DamageSet::from_slice(&[Rectangle::new(
+                self.extended_offset.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                self.geometry.size.to_physical_precise_round(scale)
+                    - self
+                        .extended_offset
+                        .to_size()
+                        .upscale(2.)
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+            )])
+        } else {
+            DamageSet::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn alpha(&self) -> f32 {
+        1.0
+    }
+
+    fn kind(&self) -> Kind {
+        Kind::default()
+    }
+
+    fn is_framebuffer_effect(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: Renderer + AsGlowRenderer> RenderElement<R> for BlurElement
+where
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
+{
+    fn capture_framebuffer(
+        &self,
+        frame: &mut <R>::Frame<'_, '_>,
+        src: Rectangle<f64, Buffer>,
+        dst: Rectangle<i32, Physical>,
+        cache: &UserDataMap,
+    ) -> Result<(), <R>::Error> {
+        let transform = frame.transformation();
+        let tex_size = self.src.to_i32_round();
+        let glow_frame = <R as AsGlowRenderer>::glow_frame_mut(frame);
+        let gles_frame = BorrowMut::<GlesFrame<'_, '_>>::borrow_mut(glow_frame);
+        let mut renderer = gles_frame.renderer();
+
+        let texture_ref = cache.get_or_insert_threadsafe(BlurTexture::<R::TextureId>::default);
+        let mut texture_entry = texture_ref.lock().unwrap();
+        if texture_entry.as_ref().is_some_and(|tex| {
+            tex.size() != tex_size
+                || R::tex_to_gl(
+                    &renderer.as_ref().context_id(),
+                    texture_entry.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                )
+                .is_none()
+        }) {
+            texture_entry.take();
+        }
+        if texture_entry.is_none() {
+            let gl_texture = renderer
+                .as_mut()
+                .create_buffer(Fourcc::Abgr8888, tex_size)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)?;
+            *texture_entry = Some(R::tex_from_gl(&renderer.as_ref().context_id(), gl_texture));
+        }
+
+        let mut texture = R::tex_to_gl(
+            &renderer.as_ref().context_id(),
+            texture_entry.as_ref().unwrap(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let mut off_texture = renderer
+            .as_mut()
+            .create_buffer(Fourcc::Abgr8888, tex_size)
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error)?;
+        std::mem::drop(renderer);
+
+        let sync = blit_from_active_fb(gles_frame, src, dst, transform, &mut texture)
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error)?;
+        gles_frame.wait(&sync).map_err(R::from_gles_error)?;
+
+        let mut textures = [&mut texture, &mut off_texture];
+        render_blur(
+            gles_frame.renderer().as_mut(),
+            &self.scaling_shaders,
+            &mut textures,
+            self.offset,
+            self.passes,
+        )
+        .map_err(R::from_gles_error)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw(
+        &self,
+        frame: &mut R::Frame<'_, '_>,
+        src: Rectangle<f64, Buffer>,
+        dst: Rectangle<i32, Physical>,
+        damage: &[Rectangle<i32, Physical>],
+        opaque_regions: &[Rectangle<i32, Physical>],
+        cache: Option<&UserDataMap>,
+    ) -> Result<(), R::Error> {
+        let src_to_geo = self.geometry.size / self.src;
+        let src_log = src
+            .upscale(src_to_geo)
+            .to_logical(1., Transform::Normal, &Size::default());
+        let scale = dst.size.to_f64() / src_log.size;
+
+        let damage = self
+            .region
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|rect| {
+                let mut rect = rect.to_f64().intersection(src_log)?;
+                rect.loc -= src_log.loc;
+                Some(rect.to_physical_precise_round(scale))
+            })
+            .flat_map(|rect| damage.iter().flat_map(move |r| r.intersection(rect)))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let cache = cache.expect("Framebuffer element without cache?");
+        let Some(texture) = cache.get::<BlurTexture<R::TextureId>>() else {
+            return Err(R::from_gles_error(GlesError::BlitError));
+        };
+        let texture_ref = texture.lock().unwrap();
+
+        if let Some(tex) = texture_ref.as_ref() {
+            BorrowMut::<GlesFrame>::borrow_mut(<R as AsGlowRenderer>::glow_frame_mut(frame))
+                .override_default_tex_program(self.render_shader.clone(), self.uniforms.clone());
+            frame.render_texture_from_to(
+                tex,
+                src,
+                dst,
+                &damage,
+                opaque_regions,
+                Transform::Normal,
+                1.0,
+            )?;
+            BorrowMut::<GlesFrame>::borrow_mut(<R as AsGlowRenderer>::glow_frame_mut(frame))
+                .clear_tex_program_override();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn blit_from_active_fb(
+    frame: &mut GlesFrame<'_, '_>,
+    src: Rectangle<f64, Buffer>,
+    dst: Rectangle<i32, Physical>,
+    transform: Transform,
+    to_texture: &mut GlesTexture,
+) -> Result<SyncPoint, GlesError> {
+    let tex_size = to_texture.size();
+    let tex_size_phys = tex_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1);
+    let fb_size = frame.output_size();
+
+    let mut renderer = frame.renderer();
+    let mut fb = renderer.as_mut().bind(to_texture)?;
+    let sync = {
+        let mut subframe = renderer
+            .as_mut()
+            .render(&mut fb, tex_size_phys, Transform::Normal)?;
+        subframe.clear(
+            Color32F::TRANSPARENT,
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(tex_size_phys)],
+        )?;
+        subframe.finish()?
+    };
+
+    if transform != Transform::Normal {
+        // We need to copy to a temporary texture to do an actual
+        // render pass with `render_texture_from_to` to do the rotation.
+        // dst is in screen space, but we just want to do a 1:1 copy in
+        // buffer space from dst of the current fb, so we need to undo any
+        // transforms for the blit.
+        let dst_phys = transform.transform_rect_in(dst, &fb_size);
+        let dst_buffer = dst_phys
+            .to_logical(1)
+            .to_buffer(1, Transform::Normal, &Size::default());
+        let mut tmp_texture = renderer
+            .as_mut()
+            .create_buffer(Fourcc::Abgr8888, dst_buffer.size)?;
+        let mut fb_tmp = renderer.as_mut().bind(&mut tmp_texture)?;
+        std::mem::drop(renderer);
+        frame.wait(&sync)?;
+
+        let sync = frame.blit_to(
+            &mut fb_tmp,
+            dst_phys,
+            Rectangle::from_size(dst_phys.size),
+            TextureFilter::Linear,
+        )?;
+        frame.wait(&sync)?;
+        std::mem::drop(fb_tmp);
+
+        // now we bind the target texture with `Transform::Normal`
+        // and render the temporary texture with inverse transform
+        // into src.
+        let mut renderer = frame.renderer();
+        let mut frame = renderer
+            .as_mut()
+            .render(&mut fb, tex_size_phys, Transform::Normal)?;
+        frame.wait(&sync)?;
+        Frame::render_texture_from_to(
+            &mut frame,
+            &tmp_texture,
+            Rectangle::from_size(dst_buffer.size.to_f64()),
+            src.to_logical(1., Transform::Normal, &Size::default())
+                .to_physical(1.)
+                .to_i32_round(),
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(dst.size)],
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(dst.size)],
+            transform.invert(),
+            1.0,
+        )?;
+        std::mem::drop(tmp_texture);
+        frame.finish()
+    } else {
+        std::mem::drop(renderer);
+        frame.wait(&sync)?;
+        frame.blit_to(
+            &mut fb,
+            dst,
+            src.to_logical(1., Transform::Normal, &Size::default())
+                .to_physical(1.)
+                .to_i32_round(),
+            TextureFilter::Linear,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn render_blur(
+    renderer: &mut GlesRenderer,
+    shaders: &BlurShaders,
+    textures: &mut [&mut GlesTexture; 2],
+    offset: f64,
+    passes: usize,
+) -> Result<(), GlesError> {
+    for i in 0..passes {
+        let tex_size = textures[0].size();
+        let [src_tex, target_tex] = textures;
+        let mut fb = renderer.bind(*target_tex)?;
+
+        let adjusted_tex_size = tex_size.downscale(1 << i);
+        let target_tex_size = tex_size
+            .downscale(1 << (i + 1))
+            .to_logical(1, Transform::Normal)
+            .to_physical(1);
+        let half_pixel = [
+            0.5 / (adjusted_tex_size.w as f32),
+            0.5 / (adjusted_tex_size.h as f32),
+        ];
+
+        let mut frame = renderer.render(
+            &mut fb,
+            tex_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1),
+            Transform::Normal,
+        )?;
+        frame.clear(
+            Color32F::new(0., 0., 0., 0.),
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(
+                tex_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1),
+            )],
+        )?;
+        frame.with_context(|gl| unsafe {
+            gl.TexParameteri(
+                ffi::TEXTURE_2D,
+                ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
+                ffi::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
+            );
+            gl.TexParameteri(
+                ffi::TEXTURE_2D,
+                ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
+                ffi::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
+            );
+        })?;
+        frame.render_texture_from_to(
+            src_tex,
+            Rectangle::from_size(adjusted_tex_size.to_f64()),
+            Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size),
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size)],
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size)],
+            Transform::Normal,
+            1.0,
+            Some(&shaders.down),
+            &[
+                Uniform::new("half_pixel", half_pixel),
+                Uniform::new("offset", (offset / (1 << i) as f64) as f32),
+            ],
+        )?;
+        frame.with_context(|gl| unsafe {
+            gl.TexParameteri(ffi::TEXTURE_2D, ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_S, ffi::REPEAT as i32);
+            gl.TexParameteri(ffi::TEXTURE_2D, ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_T, ffi::REPEAT as i32);
+        })?;
+        let sync = frame.finish()?;
+        std::mem::drop(fb);
+        renderer.wait(&sync)?;
+
+        textures.swap(0, 1);
+    }
+
+    for i in 0..passes {
+        let tex_size = textures[0].size();
+        let [src_tex, target_tex] = textures;
+        let mut fb = renderer.bind(*target_tex)?;
+
+        let adjusted_tex_size = tex_size.downscale(1 << (passes - i));
+        let target_tex_size = tex_size
+            .downscale(1 << (passes - i - 1))
+            .to_logical(1, Transform::Normal)
+            .to_physical(1);
+        let half_pixel = [
+            0.5 / (adjusted_tex_size.w as f32),
+            0.5 / (adjusted_tex_size.h as f32),
+        ];
+
+        let mut frame = renderer.render(
+            &mut fb,
+            tex_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1),
+            Transform::Normal,
+        )?;
+        frame.clear(
+            Color32F::new(0., 0., 0., 0.),
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(
+                tex_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1),
+            )],
+        )?;
+        frame.with_context(|gl| unsafe {
+            gl.TexParameteri(
+                ffi::TEXTURE_2D,
+                ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
+                ffi::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
+            );
+            gl.TexParameteri(
+                ffi::TEXTURE_2D,
+                ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
+                ffi::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
+            );
+        })?;
+        frame.render_texture_from_to(
+            src_tex,
+            Rectangle::from_size(adjusted_tex_size.to_f64()),
+            Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size),
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size)],
+            &[Rectangle::from_size(target_tex_size)],
+            Transform::Normal,
+            1.0,
+            Some(&shaders.up),
+            &[
+                Uniform::new("half_pixel", half_pixel),
+                Uniform::new("offset", (offset / (1 << (passes - i)) as f64) as f32),
+            ],
+        )?;
+        frame.with_context(|gl| unsafe {
+            gl.TexParameteri(ffi::TEXTURE_2D, ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_S, ffi::REPEAT as i32);
+            gl.TexParameteri(ffi::TEXTURE_2D, ffi::TEXTURE_WRAP_T, ffi::REPEAT as i32);
+        })?;
+        let sync = frame.finish()?;
+        std::mem::drop(fb);
+        renderer.wait(&sync)?;
+
+        textures.swap(0, 1);
+    }
+
+    // textures always end up the right way around with `self.texture` containing our final render,
+    // since we render PASSES * 2 (downscale and upscale), so the number of swaps is always even.
+    Ok(())
+}

src/backend/render/wayland/clipped_surface.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 use std::borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut};
 
-use cgmath::{Matrix3, Vector2};
+use glam::{Affine2, Mat3, Vec2};
 use smithay::utils::{Buffer, Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size, Transform};
 use smithay::{
     backend::renderer::{
-        ImportAll, ImportMem, Renderer,
+        ImportAll, Renderer,
         element::{
             Element, Id, Kind, RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage,
             surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use smithay::{
 
 use crate::backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer;
 
-pub static CLIPPING_SHADER: &str = include_str!("./shaders/clipped_surface.frag");
+pub static CLIPPING_SHADER: &str = include_str!("../shaders/clipped_surface.frag");
 pub struct ClippingShader(pub GlesTexProgram);
 
 impl ClippingShader {
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ impl ClippingShader {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
-{
+pub struct ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R: Renderer> {
     inner: WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>,
     program: GlesTexProgram,
     radius: [u8; 4],
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ where
 
 impl<R> ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>
 where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll,
 {
     pub fn new(
         renderer: &mut R,
@@ -66,18 +63,18 @@ where
         let view = elem.view();
 
         let transform = elem.transform();
-        let transform_matrix = Matrix3::<f32>::from_translation(Vector2::new(0.5, 0.5))
+        let transform_matrix = Affine2::from_translation(Vec2::new(0.5, 0.5))
             * transform.matrix()
-            * Matrix3::<f32>::from_translation(-Vector2::new(0.5, 0.5));
+            * Affine2::from_translation(-Vec2::new(0.5, 0.5));
 
         let geo_scale = {
             let Scale { x, y } = elem_geo.size.to_f64() / geo.size.to_f64();
-            Matrix3::from_nonuniform_scale(x as f32, y as f32)
+            Affine2::from_scale(Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32))
         };
 
         let geo_translation = {
             let offset = (elem_geo.loc - geo.loc).to_f64();
-            Matrix3::from_translation(Vector2::new(
+            Affine2::from_translation(Vec2::new(
                 (offset.x / elem_geo.size.w as f64) as f32,
                 (offset.y / elem_geo.size.h as f64) as f32,
             ))
@@ -85,16 +82,17 @@ where
 
         let buf_scale = {
             let Scale { x, y } = buf_size.to_f64() / view.src.size.to_f64();
-            Matrix3::from_nonuniform_scale(x as f32, y as f32)
+            Affine2::from_scale(Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32))
         };
 
-        let buf_translation = Matrix3::from_translation(Vector2::new(
+        let buf_translation = Affine2::from_translation(Vec2::new(
             (view.src.loc.x / buf_size.w as f64) as f32,
             (view.src.loc.y / buf_size.h as f64) as f32,
         ));
 
-        let input_to_geo =
-            transform_matrix * geo_scale * geo_translation * buf_scale * buf_translation;
+        let input_to_geo = Mat3::from(
+            transform_matrix * geo_scale * geo_translation * buf_scale * buf_translation,
+        );
 
         let uniforms = vec![
             Uniform::new("geo_size", (geometry.size.w as f32, geometry.size.h as f32)),
@@ -114,6 +112,7 @@ where
                     transpose: false,
                 },
             ),
+            Uniform::new("noise", UniformValue::_1f(0.0)),
         ];
 
         Self {
@@ -174,7 +173,8 @@ where
 
 impl<R> Element for ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>
 where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: 'static,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &Id {
         self.inner.id()
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ where
 
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>
 where
-    R: AsGlowRenderer + Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+    R: AsGlowRenderer + Renderer + ImportAll,
     R::TextureId: 'static,
 {
     fn draw(

src/backend/render/wayland/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use smithay::{
+    backend::renderer::{
+        ImportAll, Renderer,
+        element::surface::{KindEvaluation, WaylandSurfaceRenderElement},
+        utils::RendererSurfaceStateUserData,
+    },
+    reexports::wayland_server::protocol::wl_surface,
+    render_elements,
+    utils::{Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale},
+    wayland::compositor::{self, TraversalAction},
+};
+use tracing::warn;
+
+use crate::backend::render::{
+    element::AsGlowRenderer,
+    wayland::{blur_effect::BlurElement, clipped_surface::ClippedSurfaceRenderElement},
+};
+
+pub mod blur_effect;
+pub mod clipped_surface;
+
+render_elements! {
+    pub SurfaceRenderElement<R> where R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll, R::TextureId: Send;
+    Blur=BlurElement,
+    Clipped=ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>,
+    Wayland=WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>,
+}
+
+pub fn push_render_elements_from_surface_tree<R>(
+    renderer: &mut R,
+    main_surface: &wl_surface::WlSurface,
+    location: impl Into<Point<i32, Physical>>,
+    geometry: impl Into<Rectangle<f64, Logical>>,
+    scale: impl Into<Scale<f64>>,
+    alpha: f32,
+    should_clip: bool,
+    radii: [u8; 4],
+    blur_geometry: impl Into<Option<Rectangle<f64, Logical>>>,
+    blur_strength: usize,
+    kind: impl Into<KindEvaluation>,
+    push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    mut push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>)>,
+) where
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
+{
+    let location = location.into().to_f64();
+    let geometry = geometry.into();
+    let blur_geometry = blur_geometry.into();
+    let scale = scale.into();
+    let kind = kind.into();
+    let mut passed_main = false;
+
+    compositor::with_surface_tree_downward(
+        main_surface,
+        location,
+        |_, states, location| {
+            let mut location = *location;
+            let data = states.data_map.get::<RendererSurfaceStateUserData>();
+
+            if let Some(data) = data {
+                if let Some(view) = data.lock().unwrap().view() {
+                    location += view.offset.to_f64().to_physical(scale);
+                    TraversalAction::DoChildren(location)
+                } else {
+                    TraversalAction::SkipChildren
+                }
+            } else {
+                TraversalAction::SkipChildren
+            }
+        },
+        |surface, states, location| {
+            let mut location = *location;
+            let kind = kind.eval(states);
+            let data = states.data_map.get::<RendererSurfaceStateUserData>();
+            let mut blur = Ok(None);
+
+            if let Some(data) = data {
+                let has_view = if let Some(view) = data.lock().unwrap().view() {
+                    location += view.offset.to_f64().to_physical(scale);
+
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                };
+
+                if has_view {
+                    match WaylandSurfaceRenderElement::from_surface(
+                        renderer, surface, states, location, alpha, kind,
+                    ) {
+                        Ok(Some(surface)) => {
+                            let blur_geo = blur_geometry.unwrap_or(geometry);
+                            blur = BlurElement::from_surface(
+                                renderer,
+                                states,
+                                blur_geo,
+                                scale.x,
+                                radii,
+                                blur_strength,
+                            );
+                            let elem: SurfaceRenderElement<R> = if radii.iter().any(|r| *r != 0)
+                                && should_clip
+                                && ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::will_clip(
+                                    &surface, scale, geometry, radii,
+                                ) {
+                                ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::new(
+                                    renderer, surface, scale, geometry, radii,
+                                )
+                                .into()
+                            } else {
+                                surface.into()
+                            };
+                            if let Some(push_below) = push_below.as_mut()
+                                && passed_main
+                            {
+                                push_below(elem);
+                            } else {
+                                push_above(elem);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Ok(None) => {} // surface is not mapped
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            warn!("Failed to import surface: {}", err);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            if surface == main_surface {
+                passed_main = true;
+            }
+
+            if let Ok(Some(elem)) = blur {
+                if let Some(push_below) = push_below.as_mut()
+                    && passed_main
+                {
+                    push_below(elem.into());
+                } else {
+                    push_above(elem.into());
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        |_, _, _| true,
+    );
+}

src/input/mod.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ use crate::{
     },
     utils::{prelude::*, quirks::workspace_overview_is_open},
     wayland::handlers::{
-        image_copy_capture::SessionHolder, xwayland_keyboard_grab::XWaylandGrabSeat,
+        image_copy_capture::{SessionHolder, cursor_capture_constraints},
+        xwayland_keyboard_grab::XWaylandGrabSeat,
     },
 };
 use calloop::{
@@ -35,14 +36,15 @@ use calloop::{
 use cosmic_comp_config::{NumlockState, workspace::WorkspaceLayout};
 use cosmic_settings_config::shortcuts;
 use cosmic_settings_config::shortcuts::action::{Direction, ResizeDirection};
+#[cfg(feature = "logind")]
+use smithay::backend::input::{Switch, SwitchState, SwitchToggleEvent};
 use smithay::{
     backend::input::{
         AbsolutePositionEvent, Axis, AxisRelativeDirection, AxisSource, Device, DeviceCapability,
         GestureBeginEvent, GestureEndEvent, GesturePinchUpdateEvent as _,
         GestureSwipeUpdateEvent as _, InputBackend, InputEvent, KeyState, KeyboardKeyEvent,
-        PointerAxisEvent, ProximityState, Switch, SwitchState, SwitchToggleEvent,
-        TabletToolButtonEvent, TabletToolEvent, TabletToolProximityEvent, TabletToolTipEvent,
-        TabletToolTipState, TouchEvent,
+        PointerAxisEvent, ProximityState, TabletToolButtonEvent, TabletToolEvent,
+        TabletToolProximityEvent, TabletToolTipEvent, TabletToolTipState, TouchEvent,
     },
     desktop::{PopupKeyboardGrab, WindowSurfaceType, utils::under_from_surface_tree},
     input::{
@@ -59,22 +61,19 @@ use smithay::{
     output::Output,
     reexports::{
         input::Device as InputDevice,
-        wayland_server::{
-            Resource as _,
-            protocol::{wl_shm::Format as ShmFormat, wl_surface::WlSurface},
-        },
+        wayland_server::{Resource as _, protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface},
     },
-    utils::{Logical, Point, Rectangle, SERIAL_COUNTER, Serial, Size},
+    utils::{Clock, Logical, Monotonic, Point, Rectangle, SERIAL_COUNTER, Serial},
     wayland::{
         compositor::CompositorHandler,
-        image_copy_capture::{BufferConstraints, CursorSessionRef},
+        image_copy_capture::CursorSessionRef,
         keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit::KeyboardShortcutsInhibitorSeat,
         pointer_constraints::{PointerConstraint, with_pointer_constraint},
         seat::WaylandFocus,
         tablet_manager::{TabletDescriptor, TabletSeatTrait},
     },
 };
-use tracing::{error, trace, warn};
+use tracing::{error, trace};
 use xkbcommon::xkb::{Keycode, Keysym};
 
 use std::{
@@ -336,7 +335,7 @@ impl State {
                                 // Constraint does not apply if not within region
                                 if !constraint.region().is_none_or(|x| {
                                     x.contains(
-                                        (ptr.current_location() - *surface_loc).to_i32_round(),
+                                        (ptr.current_location() - *surface_loc).to_i32_floor(),
                                     )
                                 }) {
                                     return;
@@ -381,14 +380,25 @@ impl State {
                         .unwrap_or(current_output.clone());
                     drop(shell);
                     let output_geometry = output.geometry();
-                    position.x = position.x.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.x as f64,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w - 1) as f64,
-                    );
-                    position.y = position.y.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.y as f64,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h - 1) as f64,
-                    );
+
+                    let scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
+                    let physical = output
+                        .current_mode()
+                        .map(|mode| output.current_transform().transform_size(mode.size))
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+                    let logical = physical.to_f64().to_logical(scale);
+                    let output_geometry_loc = output_geometry.loc.to_f64();
+                    // output_geometry.size is a rounded value and may undershoot/overshoot the accurate logical size
+                    // We constrain the position with:
+                    // - output_geometry.size so that we don't send leave events to a fullscreen app
+                    // - logical size so that the position doesn't end up outside the actual size of the output
+                    // See https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-comp/pull/2568
+                    let max_x = output_geometry_loc.x
+                        + logical.w.min(output_geometry.size.w as f64).next_down();
+                    let max_y = output_geometry_loc.y
+                        + logical.h.min(output_geometry.size.h as f64).next_down();
+                    position.x = position.x.clamp(output_geometry_loc.x, max_x);
+                    position.y = position.y.clamp(output_geometry_loc.y, max_y);
 
                     if ptr.is_grabbed() {
                         if seat
@@ -542,7 +552,7 @@ impl State {
 
                             if let Some(region) = &confine_region
                                 && !region
-                                    .contains((pos.as_logical() - *surface_loc).to_i32_round())
+                                    .contains((pos.as_logical() - *surface_loc).to_i32_floor())
                             {
                                 return (false, None);
                             }
@@ -613,7 +623,7 @@ impl State {
                                         PointerConstraint::Confined(confined) => confined.region(),
                                     };
                                     let point =
-                                        (ptr.current_location() - surface_location).to_i32_round();
+                                        (ptr.current_location() - surface_location).to_i32_floor();
                                     if region.is_none_or(|region| region.contains(point)) {
                                         constraint.activate();
                                     }
@@ -638,37 +648,13 @@ impl State {
                         seat.set_active_output(&output);
                     }
 
-                    for session in cursor_sessions_for_output(&shell, &output) {
-                        if let Some((geometry, offset)) = seat.cursor_geometry(
-                            (position - output_geometry.loc.to_f64())
-                                .as_logical()
-                                .to_buffer(
-                                    output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
-                                    output.current_transform(),
-                                    &output_geometry.size.to_f64().as_logical(),
-                                ),
-                            self.common.clock.now(),
-                        ) {
-                            if session
-                                .current_constraints()
-                                .map(|constraint| constraint.size != geometry.size)
-                                .unwrap_or(true)
-                            {
-                                let mut cursor_size = geometry.size;
-                                // Client shouldn't try to allocate 0x0 buffer
-                                if cursor_size == Size::new(0, 0) {
-                                    cursor_size = Size::new(1, 1);
-                                }
-                                session.update_constraints(BufferConstraints {
-                                    size: cursor_size,
-                                    shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
-                                    dma: None,
-                                });
-                            }
-                            session.set_cursor_hotspot(offset);
-                            session.set_cursor_pos(Some(geometry.loc));
-                        }
-                    }
+                    update_output_image_copy_cursor_position(
+                        &shell,
+                        &self.common.clock,
+                        &output,
+                        &seat,
+                        position,
+                    );
                 }
             }
             InputEvent::PointerMotionAbsolute { event, .. } => {
@@ -707,37 +693,13 @@ impl State {
                     ptr.frame(self);
 
                     let shell = self.common.shell.read();
-                    for session in cursor_sessions_for_output(&shell, &output) {
-                        if let Some((geometry, offset)) = seat.cursor_geometry(
-                            (position - output_geometry.loc.to_f64())
-                                .as_logical()
-                                .to_buffer(
-                                    output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
-                                    output.current_transform(),
-                                    &output_geometry.size.to_f64().as_logical(),
-                                ),
-                            self.common.clock.now(),
-                        ) {
-                            if session
-                                .current_constraints()
-                                .map(|constraint| constraint.size != geometry.size)
-                                .unwrap_or(true)
-                            {
-                                let mut cursor_size = geometry.size;
-                                // Client shouldn't try to allocate 0x0 buffer
-                                if cursor_size == Size::new(0, 0) {
-                                    cursor_size = Size::new(1, 1);
-                                }
-                                session.update_constraints(BufferConstraints {
-                                    size: cursor_size,
-                                    shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
-                                    dma: None,
-                                });
-                            }
-                            session.set_cursor_hotspot(offset);
-                            session.set_cursor_pos(Some(geometry.loc));
-                        }
-                    }
+                    update_output_image_copy_cursor_position(
+                        &shell,
+                        &self.common.clock,
+                        &output,
+                        &seat,
+                        position,
+                    );
                 }
             }
             InputEvent::PointerButton { event, .. } => {
@@ -787,7 +749,12 @@ impl State {
                             let shell = self.common.shell.read();
                             State::element_under(global_position, &output, &shell, &seat)
                         };
-                        if let Some(target) = under {
+                        // Grabbing a tiling resize handle (the gap between tiles) must not change keyboard focus
+                        let on_resize_fork = matches!(
+                            seat.get_pointer().unwrap().current_focus(),
+                            Some(PointerFocusTarget::ResizeFork(_))
+                        );
+                        if let Some(target) = under.filter(|_| !on_resize_fork) {
                             if let Some(surface) = target.toplevel().map(Cow::into_owned)
                                 && seat.get_keyboard().unwrap().modifier_state().logo
                                 && !shortcuts_inhibited
@@ -1002,6 +969,10 @@ impl State {
                         if let Some(horizontal_amount) = event.amount(Axis::Horizontal) {
                             if horizontal_amount != 0.0 {
                                 frame = frame
+                                    .relative_direction(
+                                        Axis::Horizontal,
+                                        event.relative_direction(Axis::Horizontal),
+                                    )
                                     .value(Axis::Horizontal, scroll_factor * horizontal_amount);
                                 if let Some(discrete) = event.amount_v120(Axis::Horizontal) {
                                     frame = frame.v120(
@@ -1015,8 +986,12 @@ impl State {
                         }
                         if let Some(vertical_amount) = event.amount(Axis::Vertical) {
                             if vertical_amount != 0.0 {
-                                frame =
-                                    frame.value(Axis::Vertical, scroll_factor * vertical_amount);
+                                frame = frame
+                                    .relative_direction(
+                                        Axis::Vertical,
+                                        event.relative_direction(Axis::Vertical),
+                                    )
+                                    .value(Axis::Vertical, scroll_factor * vertical_amount);
                                 if let Some(discrete) = event.amount_v120(Axis::Vertical) {
                                     frame = frame.v120(
                                         Axis::Vertical,
@@ -1599,6 +1574,7 @@ impl State {
                 }
             }
             InputEvent::Special(_) => {}
+            #[allow(unused_variables)]
             InputEvent::SwitchToggle { event } => {
                 #[cfg(feature = "logind")]
                 if event.switch() == Some(Switch::Lid) && self.common.inhibit_lid_fd.is_some() {
@@ -1620,7 +1596,7 @@ impl State {
 
                     if let Err(err) = self.refresh_output_config() {
                         if !closed {
-                            warn!(?err, "Failed to re-enable internal connector");
+                            tracing::warn!(?err, "Failed to re-enable internal connector");
                             if let Some(output) = output {
                                 use cosmic_comp_config::output::comp::OutputState;
 
@@ -2132,6 +2108,7 @@ impl State {
                         layer,
                         popup,
                         location,
+                        ..
                     } => {
                         if layer.can_receive_keyboard_focus() {
                             let surface = popup.wl_surface();
@@ -2149,7 +2126,9 @@ impl State {
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location } => {
+                    Stage::LayerSurface {
+                        layer, location, ..
+                    } => {
                         if under_from_surface_tree(
                             layer.wl_surface(),
                             global_pos.as_logical(),
@@ -2192,7 +2171,7 @@ impl State {
                         if Rectangle::new(offset.as_local(), output_geo.size)
                             .intersection(output_geo)
                             .is_some_and(|geometry| {
-                                geometry.contains(global_pos.to_local(output).to_i32_round())
+                                geometry.contains(global_pos.to_local(output).to_i32_floor())
                             })
                             && let Some(element) = workspace.popup_element_under(location, seat)
                         {
@@ -2206,7 +2185,7 @@ impl State {
                         if Rectangle::new(offset.as_local(), output_geo.size)
                             .intersection(output_geo)
                             .is_some_and(|geometry| {
-                                geometry.contains(global_pos.to_local(output).to_i32_round())
+                                geometry.contains(global_pos.to_local(output).to_i32_floor())
                             })
                             && let Some(element) = workspace.toplevel_element_under(location, seat)
                         {
@@ -2301,7 +2280,9 @@ impl State {
                             ))));
                         }
                     }
-                    Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location } => {
+                    Stage::LayerSurface {
+                        layer, location, ..
+                    } => {
                         let surface = layer.wl_surface();
                         if let Some((surface, surface_loc)) = under_from_surface_tree(
                             surface,
@@ -2407,7 +2388,7 @@ impl State {
                         if let Some(constraint) = constraint
                             && let Some(region) = constraint.region()
                         {
-                            let point_in_surface = (p - surface_offset.to_f64()).to_i32_round();
+                            let point_in_surface = (p - surface_offset.to_f64()).to_i32_floor();
                             return region.contains(point_in_surface);
                         }
                         true
@@ -2420,7 +2401,7 @@ impl State {
                 if is_legal(pos_in_element) {
                     let x = workspace_origin.x + origin.x + pos_in_element.x;
                     let y = workspace_origin.y + origin.y + pos_in_element.y;
-                    Some((Point::new(x, y), output.clone()))
+                    Some((Point::<_, Global>::new(x, y), output.clone()))
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -2430,11 +2411,34 @@ impl State {
         };
 
         if let Some((point, output)) = point_and_output {
+            // TODO: Replace with `wl_pointer.warp`
             let original_position = pointer.current_location();
-            pointer.set_location(point);
+            let serial = SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial();
+            let under = State::surface_under(point, &output, &self.common.shell.write())
+                .map(|(target, pos)| (target, pos.as_logical()));
+            let time = self.common.clock.now();
+            pointer.relative_motion(
+                self,
+                under.clone(),
+                &RelativeMotionEvent {
+                    delta: (0., 0.).into(),
+                    delta_unaccel: (0., 0.).into(),
+                    utime: time.as_micros(),
+                },
+            );
+            pointer.motion(
+                self,
+                under,
+                &MotionEvent {
+                    location: point.as_logical(),
+                    serial,
+                    time: time.as_millis(),
+                },
+            );
+            pointer.frame(self);
 
             let mut shell = self.common.shell.write();
-            shell.update_pointer_position(point.as_global().to_local(&output), &output);
+            shell.update_pointer_position(point.to_local(&output), &output);
 
             let seat = shell
                 .seats
@@ -2449,31 +2453,13 @@ impl State {
                     self.common.config.cosmic_conf.accessibility_zoom.view_moves,
                 );
 
-                let output_geometry = output.geometry();
-                for session in cursor_sessions_for_output(&shell, &output) {
-                    if let Some((geometry, offset)) = seat.cursor_geometry(
-                        point.to_buffer(
-                            output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
-                            output.current_transform(),
-                            &output_geometry.size.to_f64().as_logical(),
-                        ),
-                        self.common.clock.now(),
-                    ) {
-                        if session
-                            .current_constraints()
-                            .map(|constraint| constraint.size != geometry.size)
-                            .unwrap_or(true)
-                        {
-                            session.update_constraints(BufferConstraints {
-                                size: geometry.size,
-                                shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
-                                dma: None,
-                            });
-                        }
-                        session.set_cursor_hotspot(offset);
-                        session.set_cursor_pos(Some(geometry.loc));
-                    }
-                }
+                update_output_image_copy_cursor_position(
+                    &shell,
+                    &self.common.clock,
+                    &output,
+                    &seat,
+                    point,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2534,3 +2520,36 @@ fn mapped_output_for_device<'a, D: Device + 'static>(
     };
     map_to_output.or_else(|| shell.builtin_output())
 }
+
+pub fn update_output_image_copy_cursor_position(
+    shell: &Shell,
+    clock: &Clock<Monotonic>,
+    output: &Output,
+    seat: &Seat<State>,
+    position: Point<f64, Global>,
+) {
+    let output_geometry = output.geometry();
+    for session in cursor_sessions_for_output(&shell, &output) {
+        if let Some(cursor_geometry) = seat.cursor_geometry(
+            (position - output_geometry.loc.to_f64())
+                .as_logical()
+                .to_buffer(
+                    output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
+                    output.current_transform(),
+                    &output_geometry.size.to_f64().as_logical(),
+                ),
+            clock.now(),
+        ) {
+            let constraints = cursor_capture_constraints(Some(cursor_geometry));
+            if session
+                .current_constraints()
+                .map(|current_constraints| current_constraints.size != constraints.size)
+                .unwrap_or(true)
+            {
+                session.update_constraints(constraints);
+            }
+            session.set_cursor_hotspot(cursor_geometry.hotspot);
+            session.set_cursor_pos(Some(cursor_geometry.geometry.loc));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ use std::{
     time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 use tracing::{error, info, warn};
-use wayland::protocols::overlap_notify::OverlapNotifyState;
+use wayland::protocols::{
+    keyboard_layout::KeyboardLayoutState, overlap_notify::OverlapNotifyState,
+};
 
 use crate::wayland::handlers::compositor::client_compositor_state;
 
@@ -79,11 +81,8 @@ impl State {
                 warn!(?err, "Failed to setup cosmic-session communication");
             }
 
-            let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
-            self.common.kiosk_child = if let Some(exec) = args.next() {
+            self.common.kiosk_child = if let Some(mut command) = self.kiosk_command.take() {
                 // Run command in kiosk mode
-                let mut command = process::Command::new(&exec);
-                command.args(args);
                 command.envs(
                     session::get_env(&self.common).expect("WAYLAND_DISPLAY should be valid UTF-8"),
                 );
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ impl State {
                     })
                 };
 
-                info!("Running {:?}", exec);
+                info!("Running {:?}", command.get_program());
                 command
                     .spawn()
                     .map_err(|err| {
@@ -113,8 +112,10 @@ impl State {
 pub fn run(hooks: crate::hooks::Hooks) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     let raw_args = RawArgs::from_args();
     let mut cursor = raw_args.cursor();
+    raw_args.next_os(&mut cursor);
     let git_hash = option_env!("GIT_HASH").unwrap_or("unknown");
 
+    let mut kiosk_command = None;
     let mut with_xwayland = true;
     // Parse the arguments
     while let Some(arg) = raw_args.next_os(&mut cursor) {
@@ -135,7 +136,11 @@ pub fn run(hooks: crate::hooks::Hooks) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                 );
                 return Ok(());
             }
-            _ => {}
+            _ => {
+                let mut cmd = process::Command::new(arg);
+                cmd.args(raw_args.remaining(&mut cursor));
+                kiosk_command = Some(cmd);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -169,6 +174,7 @@ pub fn run(hooks: crate::hooks::Hooks) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         event_loop.handle(),
         event_loop.get_signal(),
         with_xwayland,
+        kiosk_command,
     );
     // init backend
     backend::init_backend_auto(&display, &mut event_loop, &mut state)?;
@@ -331,5 +337,6 @@ fn refresh(state: &mut State) {
     state::Common::refresh_focus(state);
     OverlapNotifyState::refresh(state);
     state.common.update_x11_stacking_order();
+    KeyboardLayoutState::refresh(state);
     state.last_refresh = LastRefresh::At(Instant::now());
 }

src/shell/element/mod.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 use crate::{
-    backend::render::element::{AsGlowRenderer, FromGlesError},
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     state::State,
-    utils::{iced::IcedElementInternal, prelude::*},
+    utils::{
+        iced::{IcedElementInternal, IcedRenderElement},
+        prelude::*,
+    },
 };
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic_comp_config::AppearanceConfig;
 use id_tree::NodeId;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
         input::KeyState,
         renderer::{
             element::{
                 Element, Kind, RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage,
-                memory::MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement,
                 utils::{CropRenderElement, RelocateRenderElement, RescaleRenderElement},
             },
             gles::element::PixelShaderElement,
@@ -124,9 +127,9 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CosmicMapped {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct CosmicMappedKey(CosmicMappedKeyInner);
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 enum CosmicMappedKeyInner {
     Window(Weak<Mutex<IcedElementInternal<CosmicWindowInternal>>>),
     Stack(Weak<Mutex<IcedElementInternal<CosmicStackInternal>>>),
@@ -165,6 +168,20 @@ impl PartialEq for CosmicMappedKey {
 }
 impl Eq for CosmicMappedKey {}
 
+impl PartialEq<CosmicMappedKey> for CosmicMapped {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &CosmicMappedKey) -> bool {
+        match (&self.element, &other.0) {
+            (CosmicMappedInternal::Window(window), CosmicMappedKeyInner::Window(weak)) => {
+                Arc::as_ptr(&window.0.0) == weak.as_ptr()
+            }
+            (CosmicMappedInternal::Stack(stack), CosmicMappedKeyInner::Stack(weak)) => {
+                Arc::as_ptr(&stack.0.0) == weak.as_ptr()
+            }
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq for CosmicMapped {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         self.element == other.element
@@ -583,33 +600,38 @@ impl CosmicMapped {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn popup_render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_popup_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: smithay::utils::Point<i32, smithay::utils::Physical>,
         scale: smithay::utils::Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
-        C: From<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         match &self.element {
-            CosmicMappedInternal::Stack(s) => s
-                .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer, location, scale, alpha,
-                ),
-            CosmicMappedInternal::Window(w) => w
-                .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer, location, scale, alpha,
-                ),
+            CosmicMappedInternal::Stack(s) => s.push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                location,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
+            ),
+            CosmicMappedInternal::Window(w) => w.push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                location,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
+            ),
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(C::from)
-        .collect()
     }
 
     pub fn shadow_render_element<R, C>(
@@ -656,7 +678,7 @@ impl CosmicMapped {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: smithay::utils::Point<i32, smithay::utils::Physical>,
@@ -664,15 +686,16 @@ impl CosmicMapped {
         scale: smithay::utils::Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
         scanout_override: Option<bool>,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
-        C: From<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
-        let mut elements = if let Some(debug) = self.debug.lock().unwrap().as_mut() {
+        if let Some(debug) = self.debug.lock().unwrap().as_mut() {
             let window = self.active_window();
             let window_geo = window.geometry();
             let (min_size, max_size, size) = (
@@ -833,41 +856,38 @@ impl CosmicMapped {
                 scale.x,
                 0.8,
             ) {
-                Ok(element) => vec![CosmicMappedRenderElement::from(element)],
+                Ok(element) => push_above(element.into()),
                 Err(err) => {
                     debug!(?err, "Error rendering debug overlay.");
-                    Vec::new()
                 }
             }
-        } else {
-            Vec::new()
         };
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
-        let mut elements = Vec::new();
 
-        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "debug"), allow(unused_mut))]
-        elements.extend(match &self.element {
-            CosmicMappedInternal::Stack(s) => s.render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
+        match &self.element {
+            CosmicMappedInternal::Stack(s) => s.push_render_elements(
                 renderer,
                 location,
                 max_size,
                 scale,
                 alpha,
                 scanout_override,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+                &mut |elem| push_below(elem.into()),
+            ),
+            CosmicMappedInternal::Window(w) => w.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                location,
+                max_size,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_override,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+                &mut |elem| push_below(elem.into()),
             ),
-            CosmicMappedInternal::Window(w) => w
-                .render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer,
-                    location,
-                    max_size,
-                    scale,
-                    alpha,
-                    scanout_override,
-                ),
             _ => unreachable!(),
-        });
-
-        elements.into_iter().map(C::from).collect()
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn update_theme(&self, theme: cosmic::Theme) {
@@ -1109,7 +1129,7 @@ where
     GrabbedWindow(RescaleRenderElement<self::window::CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>),
     FocusIndicator(PixelShaderElement),
     Overlay(PixelShaderElement),
-    StackHoverIndicator(MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>),
+    StackHoverIndicator(IcedRenderElement<R>),
     #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
     Egui(TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>),
 }
@@ -1117,7 +1137,7 @@ where
 impl<R> Element for CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &smithay::backend::renderer::element::Id {
         match self {
@@ -1338,8 +1358,7 @@ where
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn draw(
         &self,
@@ -1372,7 +1391,7 @@ where
                 opaque_regions,
                 cache,
             )
-            .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error),
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error),
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingStack(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
@@ -1394,7 +1413,7 @@ where
                 opaque_regions,
                 cache,
             )
-            .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error),
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error),
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::Overlay(elem) => RenderElement::<GlowRenderer>::draw(
                 elem,
                 R::glow_frame_mut(frame),
@@ -1404,7 +1423,7 @@ where
                 opaque_regions,
                 cache,
             )
-            .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error),
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error),
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::StackHoverIndicator(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
@@ -1420,7 +1439,7 @@ where
                     opaque_regions,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1483,7 +1502,7 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingStack(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
@@ -1505,7 +1524,7 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::Overlay(elem) => {
                 RenderElement::<GlowRenderer>::capture_framebuffer(
@@ -1515,7 +1534,7 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicMappedRenderElement::StackHoverIndicator(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
@@ -1526,7 +1545,7 @@ where
                 RenderElement::<GlowRenderer>::capture_framebuffer(
                     elem, glow_frame, src, dst, cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1564,13 +1583,13 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<R> From<MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>> for CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>
+impl<R> From<IcedRenderElement<R>> for CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
     R::TextureId: 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
-    fn from(elem: MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(elem: IcedRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         CosmicMappedRenderElement::StackHoverIndicator(elem)
     }
 }

src/shell/element/resize_indicator.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     config::Config,
     fl,
     shell::grabs::ResizeEdge,
-    utils::iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+    utils::iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
 };
 
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
@@ -12,175 +13,330 @@ use cosmic::{
     Apply,
     iced::{
         Alignment,
-        widget::{column, container, row, space},
+        core::{Background, Border, Color, Length},
+        widget::{container, row, space},
     },
-    iced_core::{Background, Border, Color, Length},
     theme,
     widget::{icon::from_name, text},
 };
 use cosmic_settings_config::shortcuts::action::{Action, ResizeDirection};
-use smithay::utils::Size;
+use smithay::{
+    backend::renderer::ImportMem,
+    desktop::space::SpaceElement,
+    output::Output,
+    utils::{Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size},
+};
 
-pub type ResizeIndicator = IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorInternal>;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ResizeIndicator {
+    edges: ResizeEdge,
+    direction: Arc<Mutex<ResizeDirection>>,
+    size: Size<i32, Logical>,
 
-pub fn resize_indicator(
-    direction: ResizeDirection,
-    config: &Config,
-    evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
-    theme: cosmic::Theme,
-) -> ResizeIndicator {
-    ResizeIndicator::new(
-        ResizeIndicatorInternal {
-            edges: Mutex::new(ResizeEdge::all()),
-            direction,
-            shortcut1: config
-                .shortcuts
-                .iter()
-                .find_map(|(pattern, action)| {
-                    (*action == Action::Resizing(ResizeDirection::Outwards)).then_some(pattern)
-                })
-                .map(|pattern| format!("{}: ", pattern.to_string()))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| crate::fl!("unknown-keybinding")),
-            shortcut2: config
-                .shortcuts
-                .iter()
-                .find_map(|(pattern, action)| {
-                    (*action == Action::Resizing(ResizeDirection::Inwards)).then_some(pattern)
-                })
-                .map(|pattern| format!("{}: ", pattern.to_string()))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| crate::fl!("unknown-keybinding")),
-        },
-        Size::from((1, 1)),
-        evlh,
-        theme,
-    )
+    center_elem: IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorInternal>,
+    left_elem: IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorArrow>,
+    top_elem: IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorArrow>,
+    right_elem: IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorArrow>,
+    down_elem: IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorArrow>,
+}
+
+const ARROW_SIZE: i32 = 36;
+
+impl ResizeIndicator {
+    pub fn new(
+        direction: ResizeDirection,
+        config: &Config,
+        evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
+    ) -> ResizeIndicator {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
+        let direction = Arc::new(Mutex::new(direction));
+
+        ResizeIndicator {
+            edges: ResizeEdge::all(),
+            direction: direction.clone(),
+            size: Size::default(),
+            center_elem: IcedElement::new(
+                ResizeIndicatorInternal {
+                    shortcut1: config
+                        .shortcuts
+                        .iter()
+                        .find_map(|(pattern, action)| {
+                            (*action == Action::Resizing(ResizeDirection::Outwards))
+                                .then_some(pattern)
+                        })
+                        .map(|pattern| format!("{}: ", pattern.to_string()))
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| crate::fl!("unknown-keybinding")),
+                    shortcut2: config
+                        .shortcuts
+                        .iter()
+                        .find_map(|(pattern, action)| {
+                            (*action == Action::Resizing(ResizeDirection::Inwards))
+                                .then_some(pattern)
+                        })
+                        .map(|pattern| format!("{}: ", pattern.to_string()))
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| crate::fl!("unknown-keybinding")),
+                },
+                Size::from((1, 1)),
+                evlh.clone(),
+                theme.clone(),
+            ),
+            left_elem: IcedElement::new(
+                ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+                    direction: direction.clone(),
+                    icon_outwards: "go-previous-symbolic",
+                    icon_inwards: "go-next-symbolic",
+                },
+                Size::from((ARROW_SIZE, ARROW_SIZE)),
+                evlh.clone(),
+                theme.clone(),
+            ),
+            top_elem: IcedElement::new(
+                ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+                    direction: direction.clone(),
+                    icon_outwards: "go-up-symbolic",
+                    icon_inwards: "go-down-symbolic",
+                },
+                Size::from((ARROW_SIZE, ARROW_SIZE)),
+                evlh.clone(),
+                theme.clone(),
+            ),
+            right_elem: IcedElement::new(
+                ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+                    direction: direction.clone(),
+                    icon_outwards: "go-next-symbolic",
+                    icon_inwards: "go-previous-symbolic",
+                },
+                Size::from((ARROW_SIZE, ARROW_SIZE)),
+                evlh.clone(),
+                theme.clone(),
+            ),
+            down_elem: IcedElement::new(
+                ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+                    direction,
+                    icon_outwards: "go-down-symbolic",
+                    icon_inwards: "go-up-symbolic",
+                },
+                Size::from((ARROW_SIZE, ARROW_SIZE)),
+                evlh.clone(),
+                theme.clone(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: Size<i32, Logical>) {
+        let minimum = self.center_elem.minimum_size();
+        let new_size = Size::<i32, Logical>::new(size.w.min(minimum.w), size.h.min(minimum.h));
+        self.center_elem.resize(new_size);
+        self.size = size;
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        location: Point<i32, Physical>,
+        scale: Scale<f64>,
+        alpha: f32,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+        mut push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>)>,
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
+        R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
+    {
+        let elem_size = self.center_elem.current_size();
+        let center_location = Point::new(
+            self.size.w.saturating_sub(elem_size.w) / 2,
+            self.size.h.saturating_sub(elem_size.h) / 2,
+        );
+        let left_location = Point::new(0, self.size.h.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE) / 2);
+        let top_location = Point::new(self.size.w.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE) / 2, 0);
+        let right_location = Point::new(
+            self.size.w.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE),
+            self.size.h.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE) / 2,
+        );
+        let down_location = Point::new(
+            self.size.w.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE) / 2,
+            self.size.h.saturating_sub(ARROW_SIZE),
+        );
+        let radii = self
+            .center_elem
+            .with_theme(|theme| theme.cosmic().radius_s())
+            .map(|x| x.round() as u8);
+
+        self.center_elem.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            location + center_location.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+            scale,
+            alpha,
+            radii,
+            push_above,
+            if let Some(push_below) = push_below.as_mut() {
+                Some(&mut **push_below)
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+        );
+        let mut render = move |elem: &IcedElement<ResizeIndicatorArrow>,
+                               loc: Point<i32, Logical>| {
+            elem.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                location + loc.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                radii,
+                push_above,
+                if let Some(push_below) = push_below.as_mut() {
+                    Some(&mut **push_below)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                },
+            );
+        };
+
+        if self.edges.contains(ResizeEdge::LEFT) {
+            render(&self.left_elem, left_location);
+        }
+        if self.edges.contains(ResizeEdge::TOP) {
+            render(&self.top_elem, top_location);
+        }
+        if self.edges.contains(ResizeEdge::RIGHT) {
+            render(&self.right_elem, right_location);
+        }
+        if self.edges.contains(ResizeEdge::BOTTOM) {
+            render(&self.down_elem, down_location);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_edges(&mut self, edges: ResizeEdge) {
+        self.edges = edges;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_direction(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) {
+        let mut dir_ref = self.direction.lock().unwrap();
+        if *dir_ref != direction {
+            *dir_ref = direction;
+            self.left_elem.force_redraw();
+            self.top_elem.force_redraw();
+            self.right_elem.force_redraw();
+            self.down_elem.force_redraw();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_enter(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.center_elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+        self.left_elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+        self.top_elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+        self.right_elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+        self.down_elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_leave(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.center_elem.output_leave(output);
+        self.left_elem.output_leave(output);
+        self.top_elem.output_leave(output);
+        self.right_elem.output_leave(output);
+        self.down_elem.output_leave(output);
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct ResizeIndicatorInternal {
-    pub edges: Mutex<ResizeEdge>,
-    pub direction: ResizeDirection,
-    pub shortcut1: String,
-    pub shortcut2: String,
+    shortcut1: String,
+    shortcut2: String,
 }
 
 impl Program for ResizeIndicatorInternal {
     type Message = ();
 
     fn view(&self) -> cosmic::Element<'_, Self::Message> {
-        let edges = self.edges.lock().unwrap();
-        let icon_container_style = || {
-            theme::Container::custom(|theme| container::Style {
+        row(vec![
+            text::heading(&self.shortcut1).into(),
+            text::body(fl!("grow-window")).into(),
+            space::horizontal().width(40).into(),
+            text::heading(&self.shortcut2).into(),
+            text::body(fl!("shrink-window")).into(),
+        ])
+        .apply(container)
+        .align_x(Alignment::Center)
+        .align_y(Alignment::Center)
+        .padding(16)
+        .apply(container)
+        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
+            let mut background = theme.cosmic().accent_color();
+            if theme.transparent {
+                background.alpha = theme
+                    .cosmic()
+                    .alpha_map
+                    .blurred_alpha(theme.cosmic().frosted);
+            }
+
+            container::Style {
                 snap: true,
                 icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
                 text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
-                background: Some(Background::Color(theme.cosmic().accent_color().into())),
+                background: Some(Background::Color(background.into())),
                 border: Border {
-                    radius: 18.0.into(),
+                    radius: theme.cosmic().radius_s().into(),
                     width: 0.0,
                     color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
                 },
                 shadow: Default::default(),
-            })
-        };
-
-        column(vec![
-            if edges.contains(ResizeEdge::TOP) {
-                from_name(if self.direction == ResizeDirection::Outwards {
-                    "go-up-symbolic"
-                } else {
-                    "go-down-symbolic"
-                })
-                .size(20)
-                .prefer_svg(true)
-                .apply(container)
-                .padding(8)
-                .class(icon_container_style())
-                .width(Length::Shrink)
-                .apply(container)
-                .center_x(Length::Fill)
-                .into()
-            } else {
-                space::vertical().height(36).into()
-            },
-            row(vec![
-                if edges.contains(ResizeEdge::LEFT) {
-                    from_name(if self.direction == ResizeDirection::Outwards {
-                        "go-previous-symbolic"
-                    } else {
-                        "go-next-symbolic"
-                    })
-                    .size(20)
-                    .prefer_svg(true)
-                    .apply(container)
-                    .padding(8)
-                    .class(icon_container_style())
-                    .width(Length::Shrink)
-                    .apply(container)
-                    .center_y(Length::Fill)
-                    .into()
-                } else {
-                    space::horizontal().width(36).into()
-                },
-                row(vec![
-                    text::heading(&self.shortcut1).into(),
-                    text::body(fl!("grow-window")).into(),
-                    space::horizontal().width(40).into(),
-                    text::heading(&self.shortcut2).into(),
-                    text::body(fl!("shrink-window")).into(),
-                ])
-                .apply(container)
-                .align_x(Alignment::Center)
-                .align_y(Alignment::Center)
-                .padding(16)
-                .apply(container)
-                .class(icon_container_style())
-                .width(Length::Shrink)
-                .height(Length::Shrink)
-                .apply(container)
-                .center_x(Length::Fill)
-                .center_y(Length::Fill)
-                .into(),
-                if edges.contains(ResizeEdge::RIGHT) {
-                    from_name(if self.direction == ResizeDirection::Outwards {
-                        "go-next-symbolic"
-                    } else {
-                        "go-previous-symbolic"
-                    })
-                    .size(20)
-                    .prefer_svg(true)
-                    .apply(container)
-                    .padding(8)
-                    .class(icon_container_style())
-                    .height(Length::Shrink)
-                    .apply(container)
-                    .center_y(Length::Fill)
-                    .into()
-                } else {
-                    space::horizontal().width(36).into()
-                },
-            ])
-            .width(Length::Fill)
-            .height(Length::Fill)
-            .into(),
-            if edges.contains(ResizeEdge::BOTTOM) {
-                from_name(if self.direction == ResizeDirection::Outwards {
-                    "go-down-symbolic"
-                } else {
-                    "go-up-symbolic"
-                })
-                .size(20)
-                .prefer_svg(true)
-                .apply(container)
-                .padding(8)
-                .class(icon_container_style())
-                .width(Length::Shrink)
-                .apply(container)
-                .center_x(Length::Fill)
-                .into()
-            } else {
-                space::vertical().height(36).into()
-            },
-        ])
+            }
+        }))
+        .width(Length::Shrink)
+        .height(Length::Shrink)
+        .into()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+    direction: Arc<Mutex<ResizeDirection>>,
+    icon_outwards: &'static str,
+    icon_inwards: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl Program for ResizeIndicatorArrow {
+    type Message = ();
+
+    fn view(&self) -> cosmic::Element<'_, Self::Message> {
+        from_name(
+            if *self.direction.lock().unwrap() == ResizeDirection::Outwards {
+                self.icon_outwards
+            } else {
+                self.icon_inwards
+            },
+        )
+        .size(20)
+        .prefer_svg(true)
+        .apply(container)
+        .padding(8)
+        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
+            let mut background = theme.cosmic().accent_color();
+            if theme.transparent {
+                background.alpha = theme
+                    .cosmic()
+                    .alpha_map
+                    .blurred_alpha(theme.cosmic().frosted);
+            }
+
+            container::Style {
+                snap: true,
+                icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                background: Some(Background::Color(background.into())),
+                border: Border {
+                    radius: theme.cosmic().radius_s().into(),
+                    width: 0.0,
+                    color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
+                },
+                shadow: Default::default(),
+            }
+        }))
+        .width(Length::Shrink)
         .into()
     }
 }

src/shell/element/stack.rs

@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::{
     backend::render::{
-        IndicatorShader, Key, Usage,
-        clipped_surface::ClippedSurfaceRenderElement,
-        cursor::CursorState,
-        element::{AsGlowRenderer, FromGlesError},
-        shadow::ShadowShader,
+        IndicatorShader, Key, Usage, cursor::CursorState, element::AsGlowRenderer,
+        shadow::ShadowShader, wayland::SurfaceRenderElement,
     },
     hooks::{Decorations, HOOKS},
     shell::{
@@ -19,17 +16,20 @@ use crate::{
     },
     state::State,
     utils::{
-        iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+        iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
         prelude::*,
     },
 };
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic::{
     Apply, Element as CosmicElement, Theme,
-    iced::{Alignment, id::Id, widget as iced_widget},
-    iced_core::{Background, Border, Color, Length, border::Radius},
-    iced_runtime::Task,
-    iced_widget::scrollable::AbsoluteOffset,
+    iced::{
+        Alignment,
+        core::{Background, Border, Color, Length, border::Radius},
+        id::Id,
+        runtime::Task,
+        widget::{self as iced_widget, scrollable::AbsoluteOffset},
+    },
     theme, widget as cosmic_widget,
 };
 use cosmic_comp_config::AppearanceConfig;
@@ -37,14 +37,11 @@ use cosmic_settings_config::shortcuts;
 use shortcuts::action::{Direction, FocusDirection};
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
         input::KeyState,
         renderer::{
             ImportAll, ImportMem, Renderer,
-            element::{
-                AsRenderElements, Element, Id as RendererId, Kind, RenderElement,
-                UnderlyingStorage, memory::MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement,
-                surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
-            },
+            element::{Element, Id as RendererId, Kind, RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage},
             gles::element::PixelShaderElement,
             glow::GlowRenderer,
             utils::{CommitCounter, DamageSet, OpaqueRegions},
@@ -149,9 +146,10 @@ impl CosmicStack {
     pub fn new<I: Into<CosmicSurface>>(
         windows: impl Iterator<Item = I>,
         handle: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
-        theme: cosmic::Theme,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
         appearance: AppearanceConfig,
     ) -> CosmicStack {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_windows;
         let windows = windows.map(Into::into).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         assert!(!windows.is_empty());
 
@@ -532,7 +530,7 @@ impl CosmicStack {
             let geo = p.windows.lock().unwrap()[p.active.load(Ordering::SeqCst)].geometry();
 
             if surface_type.contains(WindowSurfaceType::TOPLEVEL) {
-                let point_i32 = relative_pos.to_i32_round::<i32>();
+                let point_i32 = relative_pos.to_i32_floor::<i32>();
                 if (point_i32.x - geo.loc.x >= -RESIZE_BORDER && point_i32.x - geo.loc.x < 0)
                     || (point_i32.y - geo.loc.y >= -RESIZE_BORDER && point_i32.y - geo.loc.y < 0)
                     || (point_i32.x - geo.loc.x >= geo.size.w
@@ -648,30 +646,38 @@ impl CosmicStack {
         self.0.loop_handle()
     }
 
-    pub fn popup_render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_popup_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicStackRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<CosmicStackRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         let window_loc = location + Point::from((0, (TAB_HEIGHT as f64 * scale.y) as i32));
         self.0.with_program(|p| {
             let windows = p.windows.lock().unwrap();
             let active = p.active.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
+            let frosted = if theme.cosmic().frosted_windows {
+                (theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
 
-            windows[active]
-                .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicStackRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer, window_loc, scale, alpha,
-                )
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(C::from)
-                .collect()
+            windows[active].push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                window_loc,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                frosted,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
+            )
         })
     }
 
@@ -742,7 +748,7 @@ impl CosmicStack {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
@@ -750,17 +756,18 @@ impl CosmicStack {
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
         scanout_override: Option<bool>,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicStackRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicStackRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<CosmicStackRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         if !self
             .0
             .with_program(|p| p.override_alive.load(Ordering::Acquire))
         {
-            return Vec::new();
+            return;
         }
 
         let geometry = self
@@ -769,27 +776,36 @@ impl CosmicStack {
             .to_physical_precise_round(scale);
         let stack_loc = location + geometry.loc;
         let window_loc = location + Point::from((0, (TAB_HEIGHT as f64 * scale.y) as i32));
-
-        let mut elements = AsRenderElements::<R>::render_elements::<CosmicStackRenderElement<R>>(
-            &self.0, renderer, stack_loc, scale, alpha,
-        );
-
-        elements.extend(self.0.with_program(|p| {
+        let frosted = self.0.with_program(|p| {
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
+            if theme.cosmic().frosted_windows {
+                (theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize
+            } else {
+                0
+            }
+        });
+        let radii = self.0.with_program(|p| {
             let windows = p.windows.lock().unwrap();
             let active = p.active.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
             let appearance = p.appearance_conf.lock().unwrap();
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
             let tiled = p.tiled.load(Ordering::Acquire);
             let maximized = windows[active].is_maximized(false);
-
             let round = (appearance.clip_tiled_windows || !tiled) && !maximized;
-            let radii = round.then(|| {
+            round.then(|| {
                 theme
                     .cosmic()
                     .radius_s()
                     .map(|x| if x < 4.0 { x } else { x + 4.0 })
                     .map(|x| x.round() as u8)
-            });
+            })
+        });
+
+        self.0.with_program(|p| {
+            let windows = p.windows.lock().unwrap();
+            let active = p.active.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
+            let maximized = windows[active].is_maximized(false);
 
             let mut geo = SpaceElement::geometry(&windows[active]).to_f64();
             geo.loc += location.to_f64().to_logical(scale);
@@ -801,53 +817,49 @@ impl CosmicStack {
             let window_key =
                 CosmicMappedKey(CosmicMappedKeyInner::Stack(Arc::downgrade(&self.0.0)));
 
-            let border = (!maximized).then(|| {
+            if !maximized {
                 let (r, g, b, a) = theme.cosmic().bg_divider().into_components();
-                CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(IndicatorShader::element(
+                push_above(CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(IndicatorShader::element(
                     renderer,
                     Key::Window(Usage::Border, window_key.clone()),
                     geo.to_i32_round().as_local(),
                     1,
-                    radii.unwrap_or([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+                    radii.unwrap_or([0; 4]),
                     a * alpha,
                     scale.x,
                     [r, g, b],
-                ))
-            });
+                )));
+            };
 
-            border.into_iter().chain(
-                windows[active]
-                    .render_elements::<R, WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>(
-                        renderer,
-                        window_loc,
-                        scale,
-                        alpha,
-                        scanout_override,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(move |elem| {
-                        let radii = radii.map(|[a, _, c, _]| [a, 0, c, 0]);
-                        if radii.is_some_and(|radii| {
-                            ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::will_clip(&elem, scale, geo, radii)
-                        }) {
-                            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::new(
-                                renderer,
-                                elem,
-                                scale,
-                                geo,
-                                radii.unwrap(),
-                            ))
-                        } else {
-                            CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem)
-                        }
-                    }),
-            )
-        }));
+            let radii = radii.map(|[a, _, c, _]| [a, 0, c, 0]);
+            windows[active].push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                window_loc,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_override,
+                scanout_node,
+                radii.is_some(),
+                radii.unwrap_or([0; 4]),
+                frosted,
+                &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+                Some(&mut |elem| push_below(elem.into())),
+            );
+        });
 
-        elements.into_iter().map(C::from).collect()
+        self.0.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            stack_loc,
+            scale,
+            alpha,
+            radii.map(|[_, b, _, d]| [0, b, 0, d]).unwrap_or([0; 4]),
+            &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+            Some(&mut |elem| push_below(elem.into())),
+        );
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn set_theme(&self, theme: cosmic::Theme) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_theme(&self, mut theme: cosmic::Theme) {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_windows;
         self.0.with_program(|p| {
             *p.theme.lock().unwrap() = theme.clone();
         });
@@ -1356,11 +1368,14 @@ impl Decorations<CosmicStackInternal, Message> for DefaultDecorations {
             .class(theme::Container::custom(move |theme| {
                 let cosmic_theme = theme.cosmic();
 
-                let background = if group_focused {
+                let mut background = if group_focused {
                     cosmic_theme.accent_color()
                 } else {
                     cosmic_theme.primary_container_color()
                 };
+                if cosmic_theme.frosted_windows {
+                    background.alpha = cosmic_theme.alpha_map.blurred_alpha(cosmic_theme.frosted);
+                }
 
                 iced_widget::container::Style {
                     snap: true,
@@ -1877,40 +1892,32 @@ impl TouchTarget<State> for CosmicStack {
 }
 
 pub enum CosmicStackRenderElement<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> {
-    Header(MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>),
+    Header(IcedRenderElement<R>),
     Shadow(PixelShaderElement),
     Border(PixelShaderElement),
-    Window(WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
-    Clipped(ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    Window(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>>
+impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<IcedRenderElement<R>>
     for CosmicStackRenderElement<R>
 {
-    fn from(value: MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: IcedRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         Self::Header(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
+impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<SurfaceRenderElement<R>>
     for CosmicStackRenderElement<R>
 {
-    fn from(value: WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: SurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         Self::Window(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
-    for CosmicStackRenderElement<R>
-{
-    fn from(value: ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
-        Self::Clipped(value)
-    }
-}
-
 impl<R> Element for CosmicStackRenderElement<R>
 where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &RendererId {
         match self {
@@ -1918,7 +1925,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.id(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.id(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1928,7 +1934,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1938,7 +1943,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.src(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.src(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1948,7 +1952,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1958,7 +1961,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.location(scale),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.location(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1968,7 +1970,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.transform(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.transform(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1982,7 +1983,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1992,7 +1992,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2002,7 +2001,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.alpha(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.alpha(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2012,7 +2010,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.kind(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.kind(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2022,7 +2019,6 @@ where
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2030,12 +2026,11 @@ where
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for CosmicStackRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn draw(
         &self,
-        frame: &mut <R>::Frame<'_, '_>,
+        frame: &mut R::Frame<'_, '_>,
         src: Rectangle<f64, Buffer>,
         dst: Rectangle<i32, Physical>,
         damage: &[Rectangle<i32, Physical>],
@@ -2056,14 +2051,11 @@ where
                     opaque_regions,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => {
-                elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -2074,7 +2066,6 @@ where
                 elem.underlying_storage(renderer.glow_renderer_mut())
             }
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2097,14 +2088,11 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicStackRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
             }
-            CosmicStackRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => {
-                elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
-            }
         }
     }
 }

src/shell/element/stack/tab.rs

@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ use cosmic::{
     font::Font,
     iced::{
         Background,
-        widget::{self, container::draw_background, rule::FillMode},
+        core::{
+            Border, Clipboard, Color, Length, Rectangle, Shell, Size, alignment, event,
+            layout::{Layout, Limits, Node},
+            mouse, overlay, renderer,
+            text::{Ellipsize, EllipsizeHeightLimit, Shaping, Wrapping},
+            widget::{Id, Widget, operation::Operation, tree::Tree},
+        },
+        widget::{self, container::draw_background, rule::FillMode, scrollable::AbsoluteOffset},
     },
-    iced_core::{
-        Border, Clipboard, Color, Length, Rectangle, Shell, Size, alignment, event,
-        layout::{Layout, Limits, Node},
-        mouse, overlay, renderer,
-        text::{Ellipsize, EllipsizeHeightLimit, Shaping, Wrapping},
-        widget::{Id, Widget, operation::Operation, tree::Tree},
-    },
-    iced_widget::scrollable::AbsoluteOffset,
     theme,
     widget::{Icon, icon::from_name, text},
 };
@@ -289,8 +288,8 @@ where
             .min_height(size.height)
             .width(size.width)
             .height(size.height);
-        cosmic::iced_core::layout::flex::resolve(
-            cosmic::iced_core::layout::flex::Axis::Horizontal,
+        cosmic::iced::core::layout::flex::resolve(
+            cosmic::iced::core::layout::flex::Axis::Horizontal,
             renderer,
             &limits,
             Length::Fill,

src/shell/element/stack/tabs.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
 use super::tab::{MIN_ACTIVE_TAB_WIDTH, Tab, TabBackgroundTheme, TabMessage, TabRuleTheme};
 use cosmic::{
     Apply,
-    iced::{Element, id::Id, widget},
-    iced_core::{
-        Background, Border, Clipboard, Color, Length, Point, Rectangle, Renderer, Shell, Size,
-        Vector, event,
-        layout::{Layout, Limits, Node},
-        mouse, overlay, renderer,
-        widget::{
-            Widget,
-            operation::{
-                Operation, Scrollable,
-                scrollable::{AbsoluteOffset, RelativeOffset},
+    iced::{
+        Element,
+        core::{
+            Background, Border, Clipboard, Color, Length, Point, Rectangle, Renderer, Shell, Size,
+            Vector, event,
+            layout::{Layout, Limits, Node},
+            mouse, overlay, renderer,
+            widget::{
+                Widget,
+                operation::{
+                    Operation, Scrollable,
+                    scrollable::{AbsoluteOffset, RelativeOffset},
+                },
+                tree::{self, Tree},
             },
-            tree::{self, Tree},
+        },
+        id::Id,
+        widget::{
+            self,
+            container::{Catalog, draw_background},
         },
     },
-    iced_widget::container::draw_background,
     theme,
-    widget::{container::Catalog, icon::from_name},
+    widget::icon::from_name,
 };
 use keyframe::{
     ease,
@@ -379,8 +385,8 @@ where
                 >= MIN_ACTIVE_TAB_WIDTH
             {
                 // just use a flex layout
-                cosmic::iced_core::layout::flex::resolve(
-                    cosmic::iced_core::layout::flex::Axis::Horizontal,
+                cosmic::iced::core::layout::flex::resolve(
+                    cosmic::iced::core::layout::flex::Axis::Horizontal,
                     renderer,
                     &limits,
                     self.width,
@@ -513,13 +519,11 @@ where
 
         let background_style = Catalog::style(
             theme,
-            &theme::Container::custom(|theme| widget::container::Style {
+            &theme::Container::custom(|_theme| widget::container::Style {
                 snap: true,
                 icon_color: None,
                 text_color: None,
-                background: Some(Background::Color(
-                    theme.cosmic().primary_container_color().into(),
-                )),
+                background: Some(Background::Color(Color::TRANSPARENT)),
                 border: Border {
                     radius: 0.0.into(),
                     width: 0.0,

src/shell/element/stack_hover.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     fl,
-    utils::iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+    utils::iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
 };
 
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
@@ -8,22 +9,78 @@ use cosmic::{
     Apply,
     iced::{
         Alignment,
+        core::{Background, Border, Color, Length},
         widget::{container, row},
     },
-    iced_core::{Background, Border, Color, Length},
     theme,
     widget::{icon::from_name, space, text},
 };
-use smithay::utils::{Logical, Size};
+use smithay::{
+    backend::renderer::ImportMem,
+    desktop::space::SpaceElement,
+    output::Output,
+    utils::{Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size},
+};
 
-pub type StackHover = IcedElement<StackHoverInternal>;
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct StackHover {
+    location: Point<i32, Logical>,
+    elem: IcedElement<StackHoverInternal>,
+}
 
-pub fn stack_hover(
-    evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
-    size: Size<i32, Logical>,
-    theme: cosmic::Theme,
-) -> StackHover {
-    StackHover::new(StackHoverInternal, size, evlh, theme)
+impl StackHover {
+    pub fn new(
+        evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
+        size: Size<i32, Logical>,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
+    ) -> StackHover {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
+
+        let elem = IcedElement::new(StackHoverInternal, size, evlh, theme);
+        let minimum = elem.minimum_size();
+        let new_size = Size::<i32, Logical>::new(size.w.min(minimum.w), size.h.min(minimum.h));
+        let location = Point::new(
+            size.w.saturating_sub(new_size.w) / 2,
+            size.h.saturating_sub(new_size.h) / 2,
+        );
+        elem.resize(new_size);
+
+        StackHover { location, elem }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        location: Point<i32, Physical>,
+        scale: Scale<f64>,
+        alpha: f32,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>)>,
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
+        R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
+    {
+        self.elem.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            location + self.location.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+            scale,
+            alpha,
+            self.elem
+                .with_theme(|theme| theme.cosmic().radius_s())
+                .map(|x| x.round() as u8),
+            push_above,
+            push_below,
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_enter(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_leave(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.elem.output_leave(output);
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct StackHoverInternal;
@@ -47,23 +104,30 @@ impl Program for StackHoverInternal {
         .align_y(Alignment::Center)
         .padding(16)
         .apply(container)
-        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| container::Style {
-            snap: true,
-            icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
-            text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
-            background: Some(Background::Color(theme.cosmic().accent_color().into())),
-            border: Border {
-                radius: 18.0.into(),
-                width: 0.0,
-                color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
-            },
-            shadow: Default::default(),
+        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
+            let mut background = theme.cosmic().accent_color();
+            if theme.transparent {
+                background.alpha = theme
+                    .cosmic()
+                    .alpha_map
+                    .blurred_alpha(theme.cosmic().frosted);
+            }
+
+            container::Style {
+                snap: true,
+                icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                background: Some(Background::Color(background.into())),
+                border: Border {
+                    radius: theme.cosmic().radius_s().into(),
+                    width: 0.0,
+                    color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
+                },
+                shadow: Default::default(),
+            }
         }))
         .width(Length::Shrink)
         .height(Length::Shrink)
-        .apply(container)
-        .center_x(Length::Fill)
-        .center_y(Length::Fill)
         .into()
     }
 }

src/shell/element/surface.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::{
+        element::AsGlowRenderer,
+        wayland::{SurfaceRenderElement, push_render_elements_from_surface_tree},
+    },
     shell::focus::target::PointerFocusTarget,
-    wayland::{
-        handlers::compositor::frame_time_filter_fn, protocols::corner_radius::CacheableCorners,
+    wayland::handlers::{
+        background_effect::ComputedBlurRegionCachedState, compositor::frame_time_filter_fn,
+        corner_radius::surface_corners,
     },
 };
 use std::{
@@ -14,11 +19,12 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use smithay::{
-    backend::renderer::{
-        ImportAll, Renderer,
-        element::{
-            AsRenderElements, Kind, RenderElementStates,
-            surface::{WaylandSurfaceRenderElement, render_elements_from_surface_tree},
+    backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
+        renderer::{
+            ImportAll, Renderer, buffer_has_alpha,
+            element::{Kind, RenderElementStates, surface::KindEvaluation},
+            utils::RendererSurfaceStateUserData,
         },
     },
     desktop::{
@@ -45,10 +51,12 @@ use smithay::{
         IsAlive, Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Serial, Size, user_data::UserDataMap,
     },
     wayland::{
+        alpha_modifier::AlphaModifierSurfaceCachedState,
         compositor::{
             SubsurfaceCachedState, SurfaceData, TraversalAction, get_parent, with_states,
             with_surface_tree_downward,
         },
+        dmabuf::get_dmabuf,
         seat::WaylandFocus,
         shell::xdg::{
             SurfaceCachedState, ToplevelCachedState, ToplevelSurface, XdgToplevelSurfaceData,
@@ -67,6 +75,83 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
+/// The [`DrmNode`] the surface's currently committed buffer was allocated on, if it is a dmabuf.
+fn buffer_node(data: &SurfaceData) -> Option<DrmNode> {
+    let surface_state = data.data_map.get::<RendererSurfaceStateUserData>()?;
+    let surface_state = surface_state.lock().unwrap();
+    surface_state
+        .buffer()
+        .and_then(|buffer| get_dmabuf(buffer).ok())
+        .and_then(|dmabuf| dmabuf.node())
+}
+
+fn is_likely_translucent(alpha: f32, data: &SurfaceData) -> bool {
+    if alpha < 1.0 {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    let mut alpha_modifier_state = data.cached_state.get::<AlphaModifierSurfaceCachedState>();
+    let alpha_multiplier = alpha_modifier_state
+        .current()
+        .multiplier_f32()
+        .unwrap_or(1.0);
+    if alpha_multiplier < 1.0 {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    let Some(surface_state) = data.data_map.get::<RendererSurfaceStateUserData>() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let surface_state = surface_state.lock().unwrap();
+    if surface_state
+        .buffer()
+        .is_none_or(|buffer| !buffer_has_alpha(buffer).unwrap_or(true))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let mut blur_state = data.cached_state.get::<ComputedBlurRegionCachedState>();
+    blur_state
+        .current()
+        .blur_region
+        .as_ref()
+        .is_some_and(|region| !region.is_empty())
+}
+
+/// Build the [`KindEvaluation`] for a window's surface tree.
+///
+/// `scanout_node`, when set, is the scan-out target [`DrmNode`] of the output currently being
+/// rendered: only buffers allocated on that node may be promoted to overlay scan-out candidates.
+/// It is `None` for render passes that never scan out to a plane (e.g. screen-copy).
+fn scanout_kind_eval(
+    scanout_override: Option<bool>,
+    scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+    alpha: f32,
+) -> KindEvaluation {
+    match (scanout_override, scanout_node) {
+        // Forced off.
+        (Some(false), _) => Kind::Unspecified.into(),
+        // No node restriction: preserve the previous behaviour exactly.
+        (Some(true), None) => Kind::ScanoutCandidate.into(),
+        (None, None) => FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
+        // Node restriction in effect: only buffers on the scan-out node may be candidates.
+        (Some(true), Some(node)) => KindEvaluation::Closure(Box::new(move |data| {
+            if buffer_node(data) == Some(node) && !is_likely_translucent(alpha, data) {
+                Kind::ScanoutCandidate
+            } else {
+                Kind::Unspecified
+            }
+        })),
+        (None, Some(node)) => KindEvaluation::Closure(Box::new(move |data| {
+            if buffer_node(data) == Some(node) && !is_likely_translucent(alpha, data) {
+                frame_time_filter_fn(data)
+            } else {
+                Kind::Unspecified
+            }
+        })),
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash, Eq)]
 pub struct CosmicSurface(pub Window);
 
@@ -144,22 +229,7 @@ impl CosmicSurface {
 
     pub fn corner_radius(&self, geometry_size: Size<i32, Logical>) -> Option<[u8; 4]> {
         self.wl_surface().and_then(|surface| {
-            with_states(&surface, |states| {
-                let mut guard = states.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
-
-                // guard against corner radius being too large, potentially disconnecting the outline
-                let half_min_dim =
-                    u8::try_from(geometry_size.w.min(geometry_size.h) / 2).unwrap_or(u8::MAX);
-
-                let corners = guard.current().0?;
-
-                Some([
-                    corners.bottom_right.min(half_min_dim),
-                    corners.top_right.min(half_min_dim),
-                    corners.bottom_left.min(half_min_dim),
-                    corners.top_left.min(half_min_dim),
-                ])
-            })
+            with_states(&surface, |states| surface_corners(states, geometry_size))
         })
     }
 
@@ -810,97 +880,112 @@ impl CosmicSurface {
         self.0.user_data()
     }
 
-    pub fn popup_render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_popup_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
-        R: Renderer + ImportAll,
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        blur_strength: usize,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
+        R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         match self.0.underlying_surface() {
             WindowSurface::Wayland(toplevel) => {
                 let surface = toplevel.wl_surface();
-                PopupManager::popups_for_surface(surface)
-                    .flat_map(move |(popup, popup_offset)| {
-                        let offset = (self.0.geometry().loc + popup_offset - popup.geometry().loc)
-                            .to_physical_precise_round(scale);
-
-                        render_elements_from_surface_tree(
-                            renderer,
-                            popup.wl_surface(),
-                            location + offset,
-                            scale,
-                            alpha,
-                            FRAME_TIME_FILTER,
-                        )
+                for (popup, popup_offset) in PopupManager::popups_for_surface(surface) {
+                    let offset = (self.0.geometry().loc + popup_offset - popup.geometry().loc)
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(scale);
+                    let mut geometry = popup.geometry().to_f64();
+                    geometry.loc += location.to_f64().to_logical(scale) + popup_offset.to_f64();
+                    let radii = with_states(popup.wl_surface(), |states| {
+                        surface_corners(states, geometry.size.to_i32_round())
                     })
-                    .collect()
+                    .unwrap_or([0; 4]);
+
+                    push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+                        renderer,
+                        popup.wl_surface(),
+                        location + offset,
+                        geometry,
+                        scale,
+                        alpha,
+                        false,
+                        radii,
+                        None,
+                        blur_strength,
+                        scanout_kind_eval(None, scanout_node, alpha),
+                        push,
+                        None,
+                    )
+                }
             }
-            WindowSurface::X11(_) => Vec::new(),
+            WindowSurface::X11(_) => {}
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
         scanout_override: Option<bool>,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
-        R: Renderer + ImportAll,
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        should_clip: bool,
+        radii: [u8; 4],
+        blur_strength: usize,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(SurfaceRenderElement<R>)>,
+    ) where
+        R: Renderer + ImportAll + AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>,
     {
+        let mut geometry = self.0.geometry().to_f64();
+        geometry.loc += location.to_f64().to_logical(scale);
+
         match self.0.underlying_surface() {
             WindowSurface::Wayland(toplevel) => {
                 let surface = toplevel.wl_surface();
 
-                render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+                push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
                     renderer,
                     surface,
                     location,
+                    geometry,
                     scale,
                     alpha,
-                    scanout_override
-                        .map(|val| {
-                            if val {
-                                Kind::ScanoutCandidate
-                            } else {
-                                Kind::Unspecified
-                            }
-                            .into()
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or(FRAME_TIME_FILTER),
+                    should_clip,
+                    radii,
+                    None,
+                    blur_strength,
+                    scanout_kind_eval(scanout_override, scanout_node, alpha),
+                    push_above,
+                    push_below,
                 )
             }
             WindowSurface::X11(surface) => {
                 let Some(surface) = surface.wl_surface() else {
-                    return Vec::new();
+                    return;
                 };
 
-                render_elements_from_surface_tree(
+                push_render_elements_from_surface_tree(
                     renderer,
                     &surface,
                     location,
+                    geometry,
                     scale,
                     alpha,
-                    scanout_override
-                        .map(|val| {
-                            if val {
-                                Kind::ScanoutCandidate
-                            } else {
-                                Kind::Unspecified
-                            }
-                            .into()
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or(FRAME_TIME_FILTER),
+                    should_clip,
+                    radii,
+                    None,
+                    blur_strength,
+                    scanout_kind_eval(scanout_override, scanout_node, alpha),
+                    push_above,
+                    push_below,
                 )
             }
         }
@@ -1044,24 +1129,6 @@ impl X11Relatable for CosmicSurface {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R> AsRenderElements<R> for CosmicSurface
-where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll,
-    R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
-{
-    type RenderElement = WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>;
-
-    fn render_elements<C: From<Self::RenderElement>>(
-        &self,
-        renderer: &mut R,
-        location: Point<i32, Physical>,
-        scale: Scale<f64>,
-        alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C> {
-        self.0.render_elements(renderer, location, scale, alpha)
-    }
-}
-
 fn with_toplevel_state<T, F: FnOnce(Option<&smithay::wayland::shell::xdg::ToplevelState>) -> T>(
     toplevel: &ToplevelSurface,
     pending: bool,

src/shell/element/swap_indicator.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,88 @@
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     fl,
-    utils::iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+    utils::iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
 };
 
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic::{
     Apply,
-    iced::widget::{container, row, space},
-    iced_core::{Alignment, Background, Border, Color, Length},
+    iced::{
+        core::{Alignment, Background, Border, Color, Length},
+        widget::{container, row, space},
+    },
     theme,
     widget::{icon::from_name, text},
 };
-use smithay::utils::Size;
+use smithay::{
+    backend::renderer::ImportMem,
+    desktop::space::SpaceElement,
+    output::Output,
+    utils::{Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size},
+};
 
-pub type SwapIndicator = IcedElement<SwapIndicatorInternal>;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SwapIndicator {
+    location: Point<i32, Logical>,
+    elem: IcedElement<SwapIndicatorInternal>,
+}
 
-pub fn swap_indicator(
-    evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
-    theme: cosmic::Theme,
-) -> SwapIndicator {
-    SwapIndicator::new(SwapIndicatorInternal, Size::from((1, 1)), evlh, theme)
+impl SwapIndicator {
+    pub fn new(
+        evlh: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
+    ) -> SwapIndicator {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
+        SwapIndicator {
+            location: Point::default(),
+            elem: IcedElement::new(SwapIndicatorInternal, Size::from((1, 1)), evlh, theme),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: Size<i32, Logical>) {
+        let minimum = self.elem.minimum_size();
+        let new_size = Size::<i32, Logical>::new(size.w.min(minimum.w), size.h.min(minimum.h));
+        let location = Point::new(
+            size.w.saturating_sub(new_size.w) / 2,
+            size.h.saturating_sub(new_size.h) / 2,
+        );
+        self.elem.resize(new_size);
+        self.location = location;
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        location: Point<i32, Physical>,
+        scale: Scale<f64>,
+        alpha: f32,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>)>,
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
+        R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
+    {
+        self.elem.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            location + self.location.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+            scale,
+            alpha,
+            self.elem
+                .with_theme(|theme| theme.cosmic().radius_s())
+                .map(|x| x.round() as u8),
+            push_above,
+            push_below,
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_enter(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.elem
+            .output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /*unused*/);
+    }
+
+    pub fn output_leave(&self, output: &Output) {
+        self.elem.output_leave(output);
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct SwapIndicatorInternal;
@@ -43,23 +106,30 @@ impl Program for SwapIndicatorInternal {
         .align_y(Alignment::Center)
         .padding(16)
         .apply(container)
-        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| container::Style {
-            snap: true,
-            icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
-            text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
-            background: Some(Background::Color(theme.cosmic().accent_color().into())),
-            border: Border {
-                radius: 18.0.into(),
-                width: 0.0,
-                color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
-            },
-            shadow: Default::default(),
+        .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
+            let mut background = theme.cosmic().accent_color();
+            if theme.transparent {
+                background.alpha = theme
+                    .cosmic()
+                    .alpha_map
+                    .blurred_alpha(theme.cosmic().frosted);
+            }
+
+            container::Style {
+                snap: true,
+                icon_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                text_color: Some(Color::from(theme.cosmic().accent.on)),
+                background: Some(Background::Color(background.into())),
+                border: Border {
+                    radius: theme.cosmic().radius_s().into(),
+                    width: 0.0,
+                    color: Color::TRANSPARENT,
+                },
+                shadow: Default::default(),
+            }
         }))
         .width(Length::Shrink)
         .height(Length::Shrink)
-        .apply(container)
-        .center_x(Length::Fill)
-        .center_y(Length::Fill)
         .into()
     }
 }

src/shell/element/window.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{
     backend::render::{
-        IndicatorShader, Key, Usage,
-        clipped_surface::ClippedSurfaceRenderElement,
-        cursor::CursorState,
-        element::{AsGlowRenderer, FromGlesError},
-        shadow::ShadowShader,
+        IndicatorShader, Key, Usage, cursor::CursorState, element::AsGlowRenderer,
+        shadow::ShadowShader, wayland::SurfaceRenderElement,
     },
     hooks::{Decorations, HOOKS},
     shell::{
@@ -14,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     state::State,
     utils::{
-        iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+        iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
         prelude::*,
     },
 };
@@ -23,14 +20,11 @@ use cosmic::iced::{Color, Task};
 use cosmic_comp_config::AppearanceConfig;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
         input::KeyState,
         renderer::{
             ImportAll, ImportMem, Renderer,
-            element::{
-                AsRenderElements, Element, Id as RendererId, Kind, RenderElement,
-                UnderlyingStorage, memory::MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement,
-                surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
-            },
+            element::{Element, Id as RendererId, Kind, RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage},
             gles::element::PixelShaderElement,
             glow::GlowRenderer,
             utils::{CommitCounter, DamageSet, OpaqueRegions},
@@ -119,7 +113,7 @@ impl Focus {
         location: Point<f64, Logical>,
     ) -> Option<Focus> {
         let geo = surface.geometry();
-        let loc = location.to_i32_round::<i32>() - geo.loc;
+        let loc = location.to_i32_floor::<i32>() - geo.loc;
         if loc.y < 0 && loc.x < 0 {
             Some(Focus::ResizeTopLeft)
         } else if loc.y < 0 && loc.x >= geo.size.w {
@@ -196,12 +190,13 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
     pub fn new(
         window: impl Into<CosmicSurface>,
         handle: LoopHandle<'static, crate::state::State>,
-        theme: cosmic::Theme,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
         appearance: AppearanceConfig,
     ) -> CosmicWindow {
         let window = window.into();
         let width = window.geometry().size.w;
         let last_title = window.title();
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_windows;
 
         if appearance.clip_floating_windows {
             window.set_tiled(true);
@@ -297,7 +292,7 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
             {
                 let geo = p.window.geometry();
 
-                let point_i32 = relative_pos.to_i32_round::<i32>();
+                let point_i32 = relative_pos.to_i32_floor::<i32>();
                 let ssd_height = if has_ssd { SSD_HEIGHT } else { 0 };
 
                 if (point_i32.x - geo.loc.x >= -RESIZE_BORDER && point_i32.x - geo.loc.x < 0)
@@ -351,17 +346,17 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
         self.0.loop_handle()
     }
 
-    pub fn popup_render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_popup_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
-        R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
+        R: Renderer + AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         let has_ssd = self.0.with_program(|p| p.has_ssd(false));
 
@@ -372,13 +367,22 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
         };
 
         self.0.with_program(|p| {
-            p.window
-                .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer, window_loc, scale, alpha,
-                )
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(C::from)
-                .collect()
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
+            let frosted = if theme.cosmic().frosted_windows {
+                (theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+
+            p.window.push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                window_loc,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                frosted,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
+            )
         })
     }
 
@@ -462,7 +466,7 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn render_elements<R, C>(
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
@@ -470,11 +474,12 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
         scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
         scanout_override: Option<bool>,
-    ) -> Vec<C>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        C: From<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         let (has_ssd, is_tiled, is_maximized, mut radii, appearance) = self.0.with_program(|p| {
             (
@@ -511,8 +516,6 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
             location
         };
 
-        let mut elements = Vec::new();
-
         let (mut geo, bg_divider) = self.0.with_program(|p| {
             (
                 SpaceElement::geometry(&p.window).to_f64(),
@@ -542,55 +545,57 @@ impl CosmicWindow {
                 scale.x,
                 [r, g, b],
             ));
-            elements.push(elem);
+            push_above(elem);
         }
 
-        let window_elements = self.0.with_program(|p| {
-            p.window
-                .render_elements::<R, WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>(
-                    renderer,
-                    window_loc,
-                    scale,
-                    alpha,
-                    scanout_override,
-                )
-        });
-        if window_elements.is_empty() {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-
-        elements.extend(window_elements.into_iter().map(|elem| {
+        self.0.with_program(|p| {
+            let mut radii = radii;
             if has_ssd {
                 radii[1] = 0;
                 radii[3] = 0;
             }
-            if radii.iter().any(|x| *x != 0)
-                && clip
-                && ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::will_clip(&elem, scale, geo, radii)
-            {
-                CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(ClippedSurfaceRenderElement::new(
-                    renderer, elem, scale, geo, radii,
-                ))
+            let theme = p.theme.lock().unwrap();
+            let frosted = if theme.cosmic().frosted_windows {
+                (theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize
             } else {
-                CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem)
-            }
-        }));
+                0
+            };
+            p.window.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                window_loc,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                scanout_override,
+                scanout_node,
+                clip,
+                radii,
+                frosted,
+                &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+                Some(&mut |elem| push_below(elem.into())),
+            );
+        });
 
         if has_ssd {
+            radii[0] = 0;
+            radii[2] = 0;
             let ssd_loc = location
                 + self
                     .0
-                    .with_program(|p| p.window.geometry().loc)
-                    .to_physical_precise_round(scale);
-            elements.extend(AsRenderElements::<R>::render_elements::<
-                CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>,
-            >(&self.0, renderer, ssd_loc, scale, alpha))
+                    .with_program(|p| p.window.geometry().loc.to_physical_precise_round(scale));
+            self.0.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                ssd_loc,
+                scale,
+                alpha,
+                radii,
+                &mut |elem| push_above(elem.into()),
+                Some(&mut |elem| push_below(elem.into())),
+            );
         }
-
-        elements.into_iter().map(C::from).collect()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn set_theme(&self, theme: cosmic::Theme) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_theme(&self, mut theme: cosmic::Theme) {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_windows;
         self.0.with_program(|p| {
             *p.theme.lock().unwrap() = theme.clone();
         });
@@ -1243,41 +1248,33 @@ impl WaylandFocus for CosmicWindow {
     }
 }
 
-pub enum CosmicWindowRenderElement<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> {
-    Header(MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>),
+pub enum CosmicWindowRenderElement<R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> {
+    Header(IcedRenderElement<R>),
     Shadow(PixelShaderElement),
     Border(PixelShaderElement),
-    Window(WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
-    Clipped(ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    Window(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>>
+impl<R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<IcedRenderElement<R>>
     for CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>
 {
-    fn from(value: MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: IcedRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         Self::Header(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
+impl<R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<SurfaceRenderElement<R>>
     for CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>
 {
-    fn from(value: WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: SurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         Self::Window(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem> From<ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>>
-    for CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>
-{
-    fn from(value: ClippedSurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
-        Self::Clipped(value)
-    }
-}
-
 impl<R> Element for CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>
 where
-    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
+    R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &RendererId {
         match self {
@@ -1285,7 +1282,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.id(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.id(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.id(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1295,7 +1291,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1305,7 +1300,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.src(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.src(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.src(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1315,7 +1309,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1325,7 +1318,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.location(scale),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.location(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1335,7 +1327,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.transform(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.transform(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.transform(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1349,7 +1340,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1359,7 +1349,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1369,7 +1358,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.alpha(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.alpha(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1379,7 +1367,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.kind(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.kind(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.kind(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1389,7 +1376,6 @@ where
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Shadow(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Border(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1397,8 +1383,7 @@ where
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn draw(
         &self,
@@ -1423,14 +1408,11 @@ where
                     opaque_regions,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => {
-                elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1441,7 +1423,6 @@ where
                 elem.underlying_storage(renderer.glow_renderer_mut())
             }
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1464,14 +1445,11 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
             CosmicWindowRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
             }
-            CosmicWindowRenderElement::Clipped(elem) => {
-                elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
-            }
         }
     }
 }

src/shell/focus/mod.rs

@@ -378,6 +378,14 @@ fn update_focus_state(
                     .cloned()
                     .unwrap_or(seat.active_output());
 
+                crate::input::update_output_image_copy_cursor_position(
+                    &shell,
+                    &state.common.clock,
+                    &output,
+                    seat,
+                    new_pos,
+                );
+
                 let focus = State::surface_under(new_pos, &output, &shell)
                     .map(|(focus, loc)| (focus, loc.as_logical()));
                 //drop here to avoid multiple borrows

src/shell/focus/order.rs

@@ -32,10 +32,12 @@ pub enum Stage<'a> {
         layer: LayerSurface,
         popup: &'a PopupKind,
         location: Point<i32, Global>,
+        workspace_idx: usize,
     },
     LayerSurface {
         layer: LayerSurface,
         location: Point<i32, Global>,
+        workspace_idx: usize,
     },
     OverrideRedirect {
         surface: &'a X11Surface,
@@ -95,10 +97,15 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
             layer,
             popup: &popup,
             location,
+            workspace_idx: current.1,
         })?;
     }
     for (layer, location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Overlay, element_filter) {
-        callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+        callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+            layer,
+            location,
+            workspace_idx: current.1,
+        })?;
     }
 
     // calculate a bunch of stuff for workspace transitions
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
             });
 
             (
-                Some((previous, has_fullscreen, offset)),
+                Some((previous, previous_idx, has_fullscreen, offset)),
                 Point::<i32, Logical>::from(match (layout, forward) {
                     (WorkspaceLayout::Vertical, true) => (0, output_size.h + offset.y),
                     (WorkspaceLayout::Vertical, false) => (0, -(output_size.h - offset.y)),
@@ -206,6 +213,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
                 layer,
                 popup: &popup,
                 location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
             })?;
         }
     }
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
 
     if element_filter != ElementFilter::LayerShellOnly {
         // previous workspace popups
-        if let Some((previous_handle, _, offset)) = previous.as_ref() {
+        if let Some((previous_handle, _, _, offset)) = previous.as_ref() {
             let Some(workspace) = shell.workspaces.space_for_handle(previous_handle) else {
                 return ControlFlow::Break(Err(OutputNoMode));
             };
@@ -265,11 +273,12 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
                 layer,
                 popup: &popup,
                 location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
             })?;
         }
     }
 
-    if let Some((_, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
+    if let Some((_, idx, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
         && !has_fullscreen
     {
         // previous bottom layer popups
@@ -278,6 +287,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
                 layer,
                 popup: &popup,
                 location: location + offset.as_global(),
+                workspace_idx: **idx,
             })?;
         }
     }
@@ -289,11 +299,12 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
                 layer,
                 popup: &popup,
                 location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
             })?;
         }
     }
 
-    if let Some((_, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
+    if let Some((_, idx, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
         && !has_fullscreen
     {
         // previous background layer popups
@@ -302,6 +313,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
                 layer,
                 popup: &popup,
                 location: location + offset.as_global(),
+                workspace_idx: **idx,
             })?;
         }
     }
@@ -309,7 +321,11 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
     if !has_focused_fullscreen {
         // top-layer shell
         for (layer, location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Top, element_filter) {
-            callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+            callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
+            })?;
         }
     }
 
@@ -326,7 +342,7 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
         })?;
 
         // previous workspace windows
-        if let Some((previous_handle, _, offset)) = previous.as_ref() {
+        if let Some((previous_handle, _, _, offset)) = previous.as_ref() {
             let Some(workspace) = shell.workspaces.space_for_handle(previous_handle) else {
                 return ControlFlow::Break(Err(OutputNoMode));
             };
@@ -341,17 +357,25 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
         // bottom layer
         for (layer, mut location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Bottom, element_filter) {
             location += current_offset.as_global();
-            callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+            callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
+            })?;
         }
     }
 
-    if let Some((_, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
+    if let Some((_, idx, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
         && !has_fullscreen
     {
         // previous bottom layer
         for (layer, mut location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Bottom, element_filter) {
             location += offset.as_global();
-            callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+            callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx: **idx,
+            })?;
         }
     }
 
@@ -359,17 +383,25 @@ fn render_input_order_internal<R: 'static>(
         // background layer
         for (layer, mut location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Background, element_filter) {
             location += current_offset.as_global();
-            callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+            callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx: current.1,
+            })?;
         }
     }
 
-    if let Some((_, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
+    if let Some((_, idx, has_fullscreen, offset)) = previous.as_ref()
         && !has_fullscreen
     {
         // previous background layer
         for (layer, mut location) in layer_surfaces(output, Layer::Background, element_filter) {
             location += offset.as_global();
-            callback(Stage::LayerSurface { layer, location })?;
+            callback(Stage::LayerSurface {
+                layer,
+                location,
+                workspace_idx: **idx,
+            })?;
         }
     }
 

src/shell/focus/target.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 
 use crate::{
     shell::{
-        CosmicSurface, SeatExt,
+        CosmicSurface, CursorGeometry, SeatExt,
         element::{CosmicMapped, CosmicStack, CosmicWindow},
         layout::tiling::ResizeForkTarget,
         zoom::ZoomFocusTarget,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl PointerFocusTarget {
             None
         };
 
-        let cursor_hotspot = if let Some((_, hotspot)) =
+        let cursor_hotspot = if let Some(CursorGeometry { hotspot, .. }) =
             seat.cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), Duration::from_millis(event.time as u64).into())
         {
             hotspot

src/shell/grabs/menu/item.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use cosmic::{
-    iced::Element,
-    iced_core::{
-        Background, Border, Clipboard, Color, Event, Layout, Length, Rectangle,
-        Renderer as IcedRenderer, Shell, Size, layout, mouse, overlay,
-        renderer::{Quad, Style},
-        widget::{Id, Tree, Widget, tree},
+    iced::{
+        Alignment, Element,
+        core::{
+            Background, Border, Clipboard, Color, Event, Layout, Length, Rectangle,
+            Renderer as IcedRenderer, Shell, Size, layout, mouse, overlay,
+            renderer::{Quad, Style},
+            widget::{Id, Tree, Widget, tree},
+        },
     },
     widget::button::Catalog,
 };
@@ -73,11 +75,26 @@ where
         viewport: &Rectangle,
     ) {
         let widget_state = state.state.downcast_ref::<State>();
-        let styling = if widget_state.cursor_over {
+        let mut styling = if widget_state.cursor_over {
             theme.hovered(true, false, &self.styling)
         } else {
             theme.active(true, false, &self.styling)
         };
+        if matches!(self.styling, cosmic::theme::Button::MenuItem) {
+            match theme.list_item_position {
+                Some((Alignment::Start, _)) => {
+                    styling.border_radius =
+                        styling.border_radius.bottom(theme.cosmic().radius_0()[3]);
+                }
+                Some((Alignment::End, _)) => {
+                    styling.border_radius = styling.border_radius.top(theme.cosmic().radius_0()[0]);
+                }
+                Some((Alignment::Center, _)) => {}
+                None => {
+                    styling.border_radius = theme.cosmic().radius_0().into();
+                }
+            };
+        }
 
         renderer.fill_quad(
             Quad {
@@ -85,7 +102,7 @@ where
                 bounds: layout.bounds(),
                 border: Border {
                     radius: styling.border_radius,
-                    width: styling.border_width,
+                    width: 0.,
                     color: styling.border_color,
                 },
                 shadow: Default::default(),

src/shell/grabs/menu/mod.rs

@@ -9,19 +9,18 @@ use std::{
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic::{
     Apply as _, Task,
-    iced::{Alignment, Background},
-    iced_core::{Border, Length, Rectangle as IcedRectangle, alignment::Horizontal},
-    iced_widget::{self, Column, Row, text::Style as TextStyle},
+    iced::{
+        Alignment, Background,
+        core::{Border, Length, Rectangle as IcedRectangle, alignment::Horizontal},
+        widget::{self as iced_widget, Row, text::Style as TextStyle},
+    },
     theme,
-    widget::{button, divider, icon::from_name, space, text},
+    widget::{button, divider, icon::from_name, menu::menu_column::MenuColumn, space, text},
 };
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
         input::{ButtonState, TouchSlot},
-        renderer::{
-            ImportMem, Renderer,
-            element::{AsRenderElements, memory::MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement},
-        },
+        renderer::ImportMem,
     },
     desktop::space::SpaceElement,
     input::{
@@ -43,10 +42,11 @@ use smithay::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     shell::{SeatExt, focus::target::PointerFocusTarget},
     state::State,
     utils::{
-        iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+        iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
         prelude::*,
     },
 };
@@ -65,29 +65,32 @@ pub struct MenuGrabState {
 pub type SeatMenuGrabState = Mutex<Option<MenuGrabState>>;
 
 impl MenuGrabState {
-    pub fn render<I, R>(&self, renderer: &mut R, output: &Output) -> Vec<I>
-    where
-        R: Renderer + ImportMem,
+    pub fn render<R>(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        output: &Output,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        I: From<MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         let scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
-        self.elements
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|elem| {
-                elem.iced.render_elements(
-                    renderer,
-                    elem.position
-                        .to_local(output)
-                        .as_logical()
-                        .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
-                    scale.into(),
-                    1.0,
-                )
-            })
-            .collect()
+        for elem in self.elements.lock().unwrap().iter() {
+            elem.iced.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                elem.position
+                    .to_local(output)
+                    .as_logical()
+                    .to_physical_precise_round(scale),
+                scale.into(),
+                1.0,
+                elem.iced
+                    .with_theme(|theme| theme.cosmic().radius_s())
+                    .map(|x| x.round() as u8),
+                push,
+                None,
+            )
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn is_in_screen_space(&self) -> bool {
@@ -276,11 +279,13 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
                             let mut elements = grab_state.elements.lock().unwrap();
 
                             let position = elements.last().unwrap().position;
+                            let mut theme = state.common.theme.clone();
+                            theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
                             let element = IcedElement::new(
                                 ContextMenu::new(items),
                                 Size::default(),
                                 state.common.event_loop_handle.clone(),
-                                state.common.theme.clone(),
+                                theme,
                             );
 
                             let min_size = element.minimum_size();
@@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
                                 Rectangle::new(
                                     position
                                         + Point::from((
-                                            bounds.width.ceil() as i32,
+                                            bounds.width.floor() as i32,
                                             bounds.y.ceil() as i32,
                                         )),
                                     min_size.as_global(),
@@ -304,7 +309,7 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
                                 Rectangle::new(
                                     position
                                         + Point::from((
-                                            bounds.width.ceil() as i32,
+                                            bounds.width.floor() as i32,
                                             bounds.y.ceil() as i32 + bounds.height.ceil() as i32
                                                 - min_size.h,
                                         )),
@@ -312,14 +317,15 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
                                 ),
                                 // to the left -> down
                                 Rectangle::new(
-                                    position + Point::from((-min_size.w, bounds.y.ceil() as i32)),
+                                    position
+                                        + Point::from((-min_size.w + 1, bounds.y.ceil() as i32)),
                                     min_size.as_global(),
                                 ),
                                 // to the left -> up
                                 Rectangle::new(
                                     position
                                         + Point::from((
-                                            -min_size.w,
+                                            -min_size.w + 1,
                                             bounds.y.ceil() as i32 + bounds.height.ceil() as i32
                                                 - min_size.h,
                                         )),
@@ -385,9 +391,11 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
             _ => Length::Fill,
         };
 
-        Column::with_children(self.items.iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, item)| {
+        MenuColumn::with_children(self.items.iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, item)| {
             match item {
-                Item::Separator => divider::horizontal::light().into(),
+                Item::Separator => divider::horizontal::light()
+                    .class(theme::Rule::Default)
+                    .into(),
                 Item::Submenu { title, .. } => Row::with_children(vec![
                     space::horizontal().width(16).into(),
                     text::body(title).width(mode).into(),
@@ -477,6 +485,7 @@ impl Program for ContextMenu {
         .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
             let cosmic = theme.cosmic();
             let component = &cosmic.background(false).component;
+            let component = &cosmic.background(false).component;
             iced_widget::container::Style {
                 snap: true,
                 icon_color: Some(cosmic.accent.base.into()),
@@ -540,7 +549,7 @@ impl PointerGrab<State> for MenuGrab {
                 let mut bbox = elem.iced.bbox();
                 bbox.loc = elem.position.as_logical();
 
-                bbox.contains(event_location.to_i32_round())
+                bbox.contains(event_location.to_i32_floor())
             }) {
                 let element = &mut elements[i];
 
@@ -556,8 +565,11 @@ impl PointerGrab<State> for MenuGrab {
                     PointerTarget::motion(&element.iced, &self.seat, state, &new_event);
                 }
             } else {
-                elements.iter_mut().for_each(|element| {
-                    if element.pointer_entered {
+                elements
+                    .iter_mut()
+                    .filter(|element| element.pointer_entered)
+                    .skip(1)
+                    .for_each(|element| {
                         PointerTarget::leave(
                             &element.iced,
                             &self.seat,
@@ -566,8 +578,7 @@ impl PointerGrab<State> for MenuGrab {
                             event.time,
                         );
                         element.pointer_entered = false;
-                    }
-                })
+                    })
             }
         }
         handle.motion(state, None, event);
@@ -743,7 +754,7 @@ impl TouchGrab<State> for MenuGrab {
                 let mut bbox = elem.iced.bbox();
                 bbox.loc = elem.position.as_logical();
 
-                bbox.contains(event_location.to_i32_round())
+                bbox.contains(event_location.to_i32_floor())
             }) {
                 let element = &mut elements[i];
 

src/shell/grabs/moving.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     shell::{
         CosmicMapped, CosmicSurface, Direction, ManagedLayer,
-        element::{
-            CosmicMappedRenderElement,
-            stack_hover::{StackHover, stack_hover},
-        },
+        element::{CosmicMappedRenderElement, stack_hover::StackHover},
         focus::target::{KeyboardFocusTarget, PointerFocusTarget},
         layout::floating::TiledCorners,
     },
@@ -19,12 +16,14 @@ use crate::{
 
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic::theme::CosmicTheme;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
         input::ButtonState,
         renderer::{
-            ImportAll, ImportMem, Renderer,
-            element::{AsRenderElements, RenderElement, utils::RescaleRenderElement},
+            ImportAll, ImportMem,
+            element::{RenderElement, utils::RescaleRenderElement},
         },
     },
     desktop::{WindowSurfaceType, layer_map_for_output, space::SpaceElement},
@@ -68,12 +67,17 @@ pub struct MoveGrabState {
 
 impl MoveGrabState {
     #[profiling::function]
-    pub fn render<I, R>(&self, renderer: &mut R, output: &Output, theme: &CosmicTheme) -> Vec<I>
-    where
-        R: Renderer + ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
+    pub fn render<R>(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        output: &Output,
+        theme: &CosmicTheme,
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportAll + ImportMem,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
-        I: From<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>,
     {
         let scale = if self.previous == ManagedLayer::Tiling {
             0.6 + ((1.0
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ impl MoveGrabState {
             .intersection(window_geo)
             .is_none()
         {
-            return Vec::new();
+            return;
         }
 
         let output_scale: Scale<f64> = output.current_scale().fractional_scale().into();
@@ -108,13 +112,33 @@ impl MoveGrabState {
             + self.window_offset
             - scaling_offset;
 
+        for (indicator, location) in self.stacking_indicator.iter() {
+            indicator.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                location.to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                output_scale,
+                1.0,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
+                None,
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.window.push_popup_render_elements::<R>(
+            renderer,
+            (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc).to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+            output_scale,
+            alpha,
+            scanout_node,
+            push,
+        );
+
         let active_window_hint = crate::theme::active_window_hint(theme);
         let radius = self
             .element()
             .corner_radius(window_geo.size, self.indicator_thickness);
 
-        let focus_element = if self.indicator_thickness > 0 {
-            Some(CosmicMappedRenderElement::from(
+        if self.indicator_thickness > 0 {
+            push(
                 IndicatorShader::focus_element(
                     renderer,
                     Key::Window(Usage::MoveGrabIndicator, self.window.key()),
@@ -137,12 +161,57 @@ impl MoveGrabState {
                         active_window_hint.green,
                         active_window_hint.blue,
                     ],
-                ),
-            ))
-        } else {
-            None
+                )
+                .into(),
+            )
+        }
+
+        let map_window_element = |elem| match elem {
+            CosmicMappedRenderElement::Stack(stack) => {
+                CosmicMappedRenderElement::GrabbedStack(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+                    stack,
+                    render_location
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(output.current_scale().fractional_scale()),
+                    scale,
+                ))
+            }
+            CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window(window) => {
+                CosmicMappedRenderElement::GrabbedWindow(RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+                    window,
+                    render_location
+                        .to_physical_precise_round(output.current_scale().fractional_scale()),
+                    scale,
+                ))
+            }
+            x => x,
         };
 
+        let mut lower_elements = SmallVec::<[CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>; 4]>::new_const();
+        self.window.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc).to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+            None,
+            output_scale,
+            alpha,
+            Some(false),
+            scanout_node,
+            &mut |elem| push(map_window_element(elem)),
+            &mut |elem| lower_elements.push(map_window_element(elem)),
+        );
+        if let Some(shadow_element) = self.window.shadow_render_element(
+            renderer,
+            (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc).to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+            None,
+            output_scale,
+            scale,
+            alpha,
+        ) {
+            push(shadow_element);
+        }
+        for elem in lower_elements.into_iter() {
+            push(elem);
+        }
+
         let non_exclusive_geometry = {
             let layers = layer_map_for_output(output);
             layers.non_exclusive_zone()
@@ -151,117 +220,46 @@ impl MoveGrabState {
         let gaps = (theme.gaps.0 as i32, theme.gaps.1 as i32);
         let thickness = self.indicator_thickness.max(1);
 
-        let snapping_indicator = match &self.snapping_zone {
-            Some(t) if &self.cursor_output == output => {
-                let base_color = theme.palette.neutral_9;
-                let overlay_geometry = t.overlay_geometry(non_exclusive_geometry, gaps);
-                vec![
-                    CosmicMappedRenderElement::from(IndicatorShader::element(
-                        renderer,
-                        Key::Window(Usage::SnappingIndicator, self.window.key()),
-                        overlay_geometry,
-                        thickness,
-                        [
-                            theme.radius_s()[0] as u8,
-                            theme.radius_s()[1] as u8,
-                            theme.radius_s()[2] as u8,
-                            theme.radius_s()[3] as u8,
-                        ],
-                        1.0,
-                        output_scale.x,
-                        [
-                            active_window_hint.red,
-                            active_window_hint.green,
-                            active_window_hint.blue,
-                        ],
-                    )),
-                    CosmicMappedRenderElement::from(BackdropShader::element(
-                        renderer,
-                        Key::Window(Usage::SnappingIndicator, self.window.key()),
-                        t.overlay_geometry(non_exclusive_geometry, gaps),
-                        theme.radius_s()[0], // TODO: Fix once shaders support 4 corner radii customization
-                        0.4,
-                        [base_color.red, base_color.green, base_color.blue],
-                    )),
-                ]
-            }
-            _ => vec![],
-        };
+        if let Some(t) = &self.snapping_zone
+            && &self.cursor_output == output
+        {
+            let base_color = theme.palette.neutral_9;
+            let overlay_geometry = t.overlay_geometry(non_exclusive_geometry, gaps);
 
-        let w_elements = self
-            .window
-            .render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
-                renderer,
-                (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc)
-                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                None,
-                output_scale,
-                alpha,
-                Some(false),
-            );
-        let p_elements = self
-            .window
-            .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>(
-                renderer,
-                (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc)
-                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                output_scale,
-                alpha,
-            );
-        let shadow_element = self.window.shadow_render_element(
-            renderer,
-            (render_location - self.window.geometry().loc).to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-            None,
-            output_scale,
-            scale,
-            alpha,
-        );
-
-        self.stacking_indicator
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|(indicator, location)| {
-                indicator.render_elements(
+            push(
+                IndicatorShader::element(
                     renderer,
-                    location.to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                    output_scale,
+                    Key::Window(Usage::SnappingIndicator, self.window.key()),
+                    overlay_geometry,
+                    thickness,
+                    [
+                        theme.radius_s()[0] as u8,
+                        theme.radius_s()[1] as u8,
+                        theme.radius_s()[2] as u8,
+                        theme.radius_s()[3] as u8,
+                    ],
                     1.0,
+                    output_scale.x,
+                    [
+                        active_window_hint.red,
+                        active_window_hint.green,
+                        active_window_hint.blue,
+                    ],
                 )
-            })
-            .chain(p_elements)
-            .chain(focus_element)
-            .chain(
-                w_elements
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .chain(shadow_element)
-                    .map(|elem| match elem {
-                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::Stack(stack) => {
-                            CosmicMappedRenderElement::GrabbedStack(
-                                RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    stack,
-                                    render_location.to_physical_precise_round(
-                                        output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
-                                    ),
-                                    scale,
-                                ),
-                            )
-                        }
-                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window(window) => {
-                            CosmicMappedRenderElement::GrabbedWindow(
-                                RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    window,
-                                    render_location.to_physical_precise_round(
-                                        output.current_scale().fractional_scale(),
-                                    ),
-                                    scale,
-                                ),
-                            )
-                        }
-                        x => x,
-                    }),
+                .into(),
+            );
+            push(
+                BackdropShader::element(
+                    renderer,
+                    Key::Window(Usage::SnappingIndicator, self.window.key()),
+                    t.overlay_geometry(non_exclusive_geometry, gaps),
+                    theme.radius_s()[0], // TODO: Fix once shaders support 4 corner radii customization
+                    0.4,
+                    [base_color.red, base_color.green, base_color.blue],
+                )
+                .into(),
             )
-            .chain(snapping_indicator)
-            .map(I::from)
-            .collect()
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn element(&self) -> CosmicMapped {
@@ -441,7 +439,7 @@ impl MoveGrab {
                         if let Some(indicator) =
                             grab_state.stacking_indicator.as_ref().map(|x| &x.0)
                         {
-                            indicator.output_enter(output, overlap);
+                            indicator.output_enter(output);
                         }
                     }
                 } else if self.window_outputs.remove(output) {
@@ -455,16 +453,14 @@ impl MoveGrab {
             let indicator_location = shell.stacking_indicator(&current_output, self.previous);
             if indicator_location.is_some() != grab_state.stacking_indicator.is_some() {
                 grab_state.stacking_indicator = indicator_location.map(|geo| {
-                    let element = stack_hover(
+                    let size = geo.size.as_logical();
+                    let element = StackHover::new(
                         state.common.event_loop_handle.clone(),
-                        geo.size.as_logical(),
+                        size,
                         state.common.theme.clone(),
                     );
                     for output in &self.window_outputs {
-                        element.output_enter(
-                            output,
-                            Rectangle::from_size(output.geometry().size.as_logical()),
-                        );
+                        element.output_enter(output);
                     }
                     (element, geo.loc.as_logical())
                 });

src/shell/layout/floating/mod.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,14 @@ use std::{
 use cosmic_comp_config::AppearanceConfig;
 use cosmic_settings_config::shortcuts::action::ResizeDirection;
 use keyframe::{ease, functions::EaseInOutCubic};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use smithay::{
-    backend::renderer::element::{
-        AsRenderElements, RenderElement,
-        utils::{Relocate, RelocateRenderElement, RescaleRenderElement},
+    backend::{
+        drm::DrmNode,
+        renderer::element::{
+            RenderElement,
+            utils::{Relocate, RelocateRenderElement, RescaleRenderElement},
+        },
     },
     desktop::{PopupKind, Space, WindowSurfaceType, layer_map_for_output, space::SpaceElement},
     input::Seat,
@@ -1346,7 +1350,7 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
             mapped.set_bounds(geometry.size.as_logical());
             let prev = self.space.element_geometry(&mapped).map(RectExt::as_local);
 
-            let window_geometry = if mapped.is_maximized(false) {
+            let window_geometry = if mapped.is_maximized(true) {
                 geometry
             } else {
                 prev.map(|mut rect| {
@@ -1439,8 +1443,9 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -1450,8 +1455,6 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
         let output = self.space.outputs().next().unwrap();
         let output_scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
 
-        let mut elements = Vec::default();
-
         for elem in self
             .animations
             .iter()
@@ -1466,19 +1469,17 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| (self.space.element_geometry(elem).unwrap().as_local(), alpha));
 
             let render_location = geometry.loc - elem.geometry().loc.as_local();
-            elements.extend(
-                elem.popup_render_elements(
-                    renderer,
-                    render_location
-                        .as_logical()
-                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                    output_scale.into(),
-                    alpha,
-                ),
+            elem.push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                render_location
+                    .as_logical()
+                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                output_scale.into(),
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                push,
             );
         }
-
-        elements
     }
 
     #[profiling::function]
@@ -1490,8 +1491,9 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
         indicator_thickness: u8,
         alpha: f32,
         theme: &cosmic::theme::CosmicTheme,
-    ) -> Vec<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -1504,8 +1506,7 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
             layers.non_exclusive_zone()
         };
         let output_scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
-
-        let mut elements = Vec::default();
+        let mut lower_elements = SmallVec::<[_; 4]>::new_const();
 
         for elem in self
             .animations
@@ -1519,32 +1520,9 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
                 .get(elem)
                 .map(|anim| (*anim.previous_geometry(), alpha * anim.alpha()))
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| (self.space.element_geometry(elem).unwrap().as_local(), alpha));
-
             let render_location = geometry.loc - elem.geometry().loc.as_local();
-            let mut window_elements = elem.render_elements(
-                renderer,
-                render_location
-                    .as_logical()
-                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                None,
-                output_scale.into(),
-                alpha,
-                None,
-            );
-            window_elements.extend(
-                elem.shadow_render_element(
-                    renderer,
-                    render_location
-                        .as_logical()
-                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                    None,
-                    output_scale.into(),
-                    1.,
-                    alpha,
-                ),
-            );
 
-            if let Some(anim) = self.animations.get(elem) {
+            let maybe_map = if let Some(anim) = self.animations.get(elem) {
                 let original_geo = anim.previous_geometry();
                 geometry = anim.geometry(
                     output_geometry,
@@ -1562,80 +1540,77 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
                     y: geometry.size.h as f64 / buffer_size.h as f64,
                 };
 
-                window_elements = window_elements
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|element| match element {
-                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::Stack(elem) => {
-                            CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingStack({
-                                let rescaled = RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    elem,
-                                    original_geo
-                                        .loc
-                                        .as_logical()
-                                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                                    scale,
-                                );
+                Some(move |element| match element {
+                    CosmicMappedRenderElement::Stack(elem) => {
+                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingStack({
+                            let rescaled = RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+                                elem,
+                                original_geo
+                                    .loc
+                                    .as_logical()
+                                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                                scale,
+                            );
 
-                                RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    rescaled,
-                                    (geometry.loc - original_geo.loc)
-                                        .as_logical()
-                                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                                    Relocate::Relative,
-                                )
-                            })
-                        }
-                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
-                            CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingWindow({
-                                let rescaled = RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    elem,
-                                    original_geo
-                                        .loc
-                                        .as_logical()
-                                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                                    scale,
-                                );
+                            RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                rescaled,
+                                (geometry.loc - original_geo.loc)
+                                    .as_logical()
+                                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                                Relocate::Relative,
+                            )
+                        })
+                    }
+                    CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window(elem) => {
+                        CosmicMappedRenderElement::MovingWindow({
+                            let rescaled = RescaleRenderElement::from_element(
+                                elem,
+                                original_geo
+                                    .loc
+                                    .as_logical()
+                                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                                scale,
+                            );
 
-                                RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
-                                    rescaled,
-                                    (geometry.loc - original_geo.loc)
-                                        .as_logical()
-                                        .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                                    Relocate::Relative,
-                                )
-                            })
-                        }
-                        x => x,
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-            }
+                            RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                rescaled,
+                                (geometry.loc - original_geo.loc)
+                                    .as_logical()
+                                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                                Relocate::Relative,
+                            )
+                        })
+                    }
+                    x => x,
+                })
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
 
             if focused == Some(elem) && !elem.is_maximized(false) {
+                let active_window_hint = crate::theme::active_window_hint(theme);
+                let radius = elem.corner_radius(geometry.size.as_logical(), indicator_thickness);
+
                 if let Some((mode, resize)) = resize_indicator.as_mut() {
                     let mut resize_geometry = geometry;
                     resize_geometry.loc -= (18, 18).into();
                     resize_geometry.size += (36, 36).into();
 
                     resize.resize(resize_geometry.size.as_logical());
-                    resize.output_enter(output, Rectangle::default() /* unused */);
-                    window_elements = resize
-                        .render_elements::<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>(
-                            renderer,
-                            resize_geometry
-                                .loc
-                                .as_logical()
-                                .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
-                            output_scale.into(),
-                            alpha * mode.alpha().unwrap_or(1.0),
-                        )
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window)
-                        .chain(window_elements.into_iter())
-                        .collect();
+                    resize.output_enter(output);
+                    resize.push_render_elements(
+                        renderer,
+                        resize_geometry
+                            .loc
+                            .as_logical()
+                            .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                        output_scale.into(),
+                        alpha * mode.alpha().unwrap_or(1.0),
+                        &mut |elem| push(CosmicMappedRenderElement::Window(elem.into())),
+                        None,
+                    );
                 }
 
-                let active_window_hint = crate::theme::active_window_hint(theme);
-                let radius = elem.corner_radius(geometry.size.as_logical(), indicator_thickness);
                 if indicator_thickness > 0 {
                     let element = IndicatorShader::focus_element(
                         renderer,
@@ -1651,14 +1626,47 @@ impl FloatingLayout {
                             active_window_hint.blue,
                         ],
                     );
-                    window_elements.insert(0, element.into());
+                    push(element.into());
                 }
             }
 
-            elements.extend(window_elements);
-        }
+            let map_anim = |elem| {
+                if let Some(map) = maybe_map {
+                    map(elem)
+                } else {
+                    elem
+                }
+            };
 
-        elements
+            elem.push_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                render_location
+                    .as_logical()
+                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                None,
+                output_scale.into(),
+                alpha,
+                None,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(map_anim(elem)),
+                &mut |elem| lower_elements.push(map_anim(elem)),
+            );
+            if let Some(shadow_element) = elem.shadow_render_element(
+                renderer,
+                render_location
+                    .as_logical()
+                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale),
+                None,
+                output_scale.into(),
+                1.,
+                alpha,
+            ) {
+                push(map_anim(shadow_element));
+            }
+            for elem in lower_elements.drain(..) {
+                push(elem);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn snap_to_corner(&self, mapped: &CosmicMapped, corners: &TiledCorners) {

src/shell/mod.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ use std::{
 use wayland_backend::server::ClientId;
 
 use crate::{
-    shell::{focus::FocusTarget, grabs::fullscreen_items, layout::tiling::PlaceholderType},
+    shell::{
+        element::CosmicStack, focus::FocusTarget, grabs::fullscreen_items,
+        layout::tiling::PlaceholderType,
+    },
+    utils,
     wayland::{
         handlers::data_device::{self, get_dnd_icon},
         protocols::workspace::{State as WState, WorkspaceCapabilities},
@@ -99,9 +103,8 @@ use self::zoom::{OutputZoomState, ZoomState};
 
 use self::{
     element::{
-        CosmicWindow, MaximizedState,
-        resize_indicator::{ResizeIndicator, resize_indicator},
-        swap_indicator::{SwapIndicator, swap_indicator},
+        CosmicWindow, MaximizedState, resize_indicator::ResizeIndicator,
+        swap_indicator::SwapIndicator,
     },
     focus::target::{KeyboardFocusTarget, PointerFocusTarget},
     grabs::{
@@ -1508,6 +1511,21 @@ impl Workspaces {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct InvalidWorkspaceIndex;
 
+utils::id_gen!(next_output_id, OUTPUT_ID, OUTPUT_IDS);
+pub struct OutputId(usize);
+
+impl OutputId {
+    pub fn namespace_for_workspace(&self, idx: usize) -> usize {
+        self.0 | (idx << 32)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for OutputId {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        OUTPUT_IDS.lock().unwrap().remove(&self.0);
+    }
+}
+
 impl Common {
     pub fn add_output(&mut self, output: &Output) {
         let mut shell = self.shell.write();
@@ -1515,6 +1533,10 @@ impl Common {
             .workspaces
             .add_output(output, &mut self.workspace_state.update());
 
+        output
+            .user_data()
+            .insert_if_missing_threadsafe(|| OutputId(next_output_id()));
+
         if let Some(state) = shell.zoom_state.as_ref() {
             output.user_data().insert_if_missing_threadsafe(|| {
                 Mutex::new(OutputZoomState::new(
@@ -2288,7 +2310,7 @@ impl Shell {
                 OverviewMode::Started(_, _) | OverviewMode::Active(_)
             ) {
                 if matches!(trigger, Trigger::KeyboardSwap(_, _)) {
-                    self.swap_indicator = Some(swap_indicator(evlh, self.theme.clone()));
+                    self.swap_indicator = Some(SwapIndicator::new(evlh, self.theme.clone()));
                 }
                 self.overview_mode = OverviewMode::Started(trigger, Instant::now());
             }
@@ -2341,7 +2363,7 @@ impl Shell {
             } else {
                 self.resize_mode = ResizeMode::Started(pattern, Instant::now(), direction);
             }
-            self.resize_indicator = Some(resize_indicator(
+            self.resize_indicator = Some(ResizeIndicator::new(
                 direction,
                 config,
                 evlh,
@@ -2468,6 +2490,12 @@ impl Shell {
             increment: zoom_config.increment,
             movement: zoom_config.view_moves,
         });
+
+        self.update_focal_point(
+            seat,
+            seat.get_pointer().unwrap().current_location().as_global(),
+            zoom_config.view_moves,
+        );
     }
 
     pub fn update_focal_point(
@@ -2592,15 +2620,36 @@ impl Shell {
     pub fn remap_unfullscreened_window(
         &mut self,
         surface: CosmicSurface,
-        state: Option<FullscreenRestoreState>,
+        mut state: Option<FullscreenRestoreState>,
         loop_handle: &LoopHandle<'static, State>,
     ) -> CosmicMapped {
-        let window = CosmicMapped::from(CosmicWindow::new(
-            surface,
-            loop_handle.clone(),
-            self.theme.clone(),
-            self.appearance_conf,
-        ));
+        if let Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { state: stack_state }) = &state {
+            if let Some(mapped) = self.mapped().find(|m| **m == stack_state.stack)
+                && let Some(stack) = mapped.stack_ref()
+            {
+                let idx = stack_state.idx.min(stack.len());
+                stack.add_window(surface, Some(idx), None);
+                return mapped.clone();
+            } else {
+                state = None;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let window = if state.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| s.was_stack()) {
+            CosmicMapped::from(CosmicStack::new(
+                std::iter::once(surface),
+                loop_handle.clone(),
+                self.theme.clone(),
+                self.appearance_conf,
+            ))
+        } else {
+            CosmicMapped::from(CosmicWindow::new(
+                surface,
+                loop_handle.clone(),
+                self.theme.clone(),
+                self.appearance_conf,
+            ))
+        };
 
         if let Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { output, state, .. }) = &state {
             let output = output
@@ -2637,7 +2686,9 @@ impl Shell {
                 workspace
             }
             None => self.workspaces.active_mut(&seat.active_output()).unwrap(),
-            Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { .. }) => unreachable!(),
+            Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { .. } | FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { .. }) => {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
         };
         let fullscreen_geometry = workspace.output.geometry().to_local(&workspace.output);
 
@@ -2752,7 +2803,9 @@ impl Shell {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { .. }) => unreachable!(),
+            Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { .. } | FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { .. }) => {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
         }
 
         window
@@ -2856,10 +2909,12 @@ impl Shell {
 
         let maybe_focused = workspace.focus_stack.get(&seat).iter().next().cloned();
         if let Some(FocusTarget::Window(focused)) = maybe_focused
-            && (focused.is_stack() && !is_dialog && !should_be_maximized)
+            && let Some(stack) = focused.stack_ref()
+            && !is_dialog
+            && !should_be_maximized
             && !(workspace.is_tiled(&focused.active_window()) && floating_exception)
         {
-            focused.stack_ref().unwrap().add_window(window, None, None);
+            stack.add_window(window, None, None);
             if was_activated {
                 workspace_state.add_workspace_state(&workspace_handle, WState::Urgent);
             }
@@ -2985,8 +3040,8 @@ impl Shell {
                     .map(|idx| (idx, m.clone()))
             });
             let surface = if let Some((idx, mapped)) = sticky_res {
-                if mapped.is_stack() {
-                    mapped.stack_ref().unwrap().remove_idx(idx)
+                if let Some(stack) = mapped.stack_ref() {
+                    stack.remove_idx(idx)
                 } else {
                     set.sticky_layer.unmap(&mapped, None);
                     Some(mapped.active_window())
@@ -2996,20 +3051,13 @@ impl Shell {
                 .iter()
                 .position(|w| w.windows().any(|s| &s == surface))
             {
-                if set
+                if let Some(stack) = set
                     .minimized_windows
-                    .get(idx)
+                    .get_mut(idx)
                     .unwrap()
-                    .mapped()
-                    .is_some_and(CosmicMapped::is_stack)
+                    .mapped_mut()
+                    .and_then(|m| m.stack_ref())
                 {
-                    let window = set
-                        .minimized_windows
-                        .get_mut(idx)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .mapped_mut()
-                        .unwrap();
-                    let stack = window.stack_ref().unwrap();
                     let idx = stack.surfaces().position(|s| &s == surface);
                     idx.and_then(|idx| stack.remove_idx(idx))
                 } else {
@@ -3240,7 +3288,7 @@ impl Shell {
         toplevel_enter_workspace(window, to);
 
         // we can't restore to a given position
-        if let WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(Some(state)) = &mut window_state {
+        if let WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(state) = &mut window_state {
             state.state.take();
         }
         // update fullscreen state to restore to the new workspace
@@ -3256,6 +3304,7 @@ impl Shell {
                         state: None,
                         was_maximized: previous.was_maximized(),
                     },
+                    was_stack: previous.was_stack(),
                 };
             } else if let FullscreenRestoreState::Tiling { workspace, .. }
             | FullscreenRestoreState::Floating { workspace, .. } = previous
@@ -3267,7 +3316,7 @@ impl Shell {
         if is_minimized {
             let to_workspace = self.workspaces.space_for_handle_mut(to).unwrap(); // checked above
             let minimized_window = match window_state {
-                WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(Some(previous)) => {
+                WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(previous) => {
                     let window = CosmicMapped::from(CosmicWindow::new(
                         window.clone(),
                         evlh.clone(),
@@ -3277,7 +3326,7 @@ impl Shell {
                     window.set_minimized(true);
                     MinimizedWindow::Floating { window, previous }
                 }
-                WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(Some(previous)) => {
+                WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(previous) => {
                     let window = CosmicMapped::from(CosmicWindow::new(
                         window.clone(),
                         evlh.clone(),
@@ -3344,7 +3393,7 @@ impl Shell {
                     self.appearance_conf,
                 ));
                 let position = match window_state {
-                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(Some(data)) => Some(
+                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(data) => Some(
                         data.position_relative(to_workspace.output.geometry().size.as_logical()),
                     ),
                     _ => None,
@@ -3444,7 +3493,7 @@ impl Shell {
         let to_workspace = self.workspaces.space_for_handle_mut(to).unwrap(); // checked above
         if !to_workspace.tiling_enabled {
             let (position, was_maximized, was_snapped) = match &window_state {
-                WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(Some(data)) => (
+                WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(data) => (
                     Some(data.position_relative(to_workspace.output.geometry().size.as_logical())),
                     data.was_maximized,
                     data.was_snapped,
@@ -3644,6 +3693,8 @@ impl Shell {
             return None;
         };
 
+        let mut theme = self.theme.clone();
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_windows;
         let grab = MenuGrab::new(
             GrabStartData::Pointer(start_data),
             seat,
@@ -3652,7 +3703,7 @@ impl Shell {
             MenuAlignment::CORNER,
             None,
             evlh.clone(),
-            self.theme.clone(),
+            theme,
         );
 
         Some((grab, Focus::Keep))
@@ -3827,13 +3878,13 @@ impl Shell {
                 }
 
                 (initial_window_location, layer, workspace.handle)
-            } else if let Some(sticky_layer) = self
-                .workspaces
-                .sets
-                .get_mut(&cursor_output)
-                .filter(|set| set.sticky_layer.mapped().any(|m| m == &old_mapped))
-                .map(|set| &mut set.sticky_layer)
-            {
+            } else {
+                let sticky_layer = self
+                    .workspaces
+                    .sets
+                    .get_mut(&cursor_output)
+                    .filter(|set| set.sticky_layer.mapped().any(|m| m == &old_mapped))
+                    .map(|set| &mut set.sticky_layer)?;
                 let elem_geo = sticky_layer.element_geometry(&old_mapped).unwrap();
                 let mut initial_window_location = elem_geo.loc.to_global(&cursor_output);
 
@@ -3876,8 +3927,6 @@ impl Shell {
                     ManagedLayer::Sticky,
                     self.active_space(&cursor_output).unwrap().handle,
                 )
-            } else {
-                return None;
             };
 
         toplevel_leave_workspace(&window, &workspace_handle);
@@ -4171,14 +4220,13 @@ impl Shell {
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_global(&set.output);
             (&mut set.sticky_layer, geometry)
-        } else if let Some(workspace) = self.space_for_mut(mapped) {
+        } else {
+            let workspace = self.space_for_mut(mapped)?;
             let geometry = workspace
                 .element_geometry(mapped)
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_global(workspace.output());
             (&mut workspace.floating_layer, geometry)
-        } else {
-            return None;
         };
 
         let new_loc = if edge.contains(ResizeEdge::LEFT) {
@@ -4215,7 +4263,8 @@ impl Shell {
             ReleaseMode::Click,
         ) {
             grab.into()
-        } else if let Some(ws) = self.space_for_mut(mapped) {
+        } else {
+            let ws = self.space_for_mut(mapped)?;
             let node_id = mapped.tiling_node_id.lock().unwrap().clone()?;
             let (node, left_up_idx, orientation) = ws.tiling_layer.resize_request(node_id, edge)?;
             ResizeForkGrab::new(
@@ -4228,8 +4277,6 @@ impl Shell {
                 ReleaseMode::Click,
             )
             .into()
-        } else {
-            return None;
         };
 
         Some(((focus, new_loc), (grab, Focus::Keep)))
@@ -4466,10 +4513,9 @@ impl Shell {
             .find(|set| set.sticky_layer.mapped().any(|m| m == &mapped))
         {
             &mut set.sticky_layer
-        } else if let Some(workspace) = self.space_for_mut(&mapped) {
-            &mut workspace.floating_layer
         } else {
-            return None;
+            let workspace = self.space_for_mut(&mapped)?;
+            &mut workspace.floating_layer
         };
 
         let grab: ResizeGrab = if let Some(grab) = floating_layer.resize_request(
@@ -4481,7 +4527,8 @@ impl Shell {
             ReleaseMode::NoMouseButtons,
         ) {
             grab.into()
-        } else if let Some(ws) = self.space_for_mut(&mapped) {
+        } else {
+            let ws = self.space_for_mut(&mapped)?;
             let node_id = mapped.tiling_node_id.lock().unwrap().clone()?;
             let (node, left_up_idx, orientation) =
                 ws.tiling_layer.resize_request(node_id, edges)?;
@@ -4495,8 +4542,6 @@ impl Shell {
                 ReleaseMode::NoMouseButtons,
             )
             .into()
-        } else {
-            return None;
         };
 
         Some((grab, Focus::Clear))
@@ -4796,14 +4841,19 @@ impl Shell {
         {
             let mut from = set.sticky_layer.element_geometry(&mapped).unwrap();
             let mut was_maximized = false;
-            window = if mapped
-                .stack_ref()
-                .map(|stack| stack.len() > 1)
-                .unwrap_or(false)
+            let mut restore_state = None;
+            let was_stack = mapped.is_stack();
+            window = if let Some(stack) = mapped.stack_ref()
+                && stack.len() > 1
             {
-                let stack = mapped.stack_ref().unwrap();
-                let surface = stack.surfaces().find(|s| s == surface).unwrap();
-                stack.remove_window(&surface);
+                let idx = stack.surfaces().position(|s| &s == surface)?;
+                let surface = stack.remove_idx(idx)?;
+                restore_state = Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Stack {
+                    state: StackRestoreData {
+                        stack: mapped.key(),
+                        idx,
+                    },
+                });
                 surface
             } else {
                 // Must be set before `map_internal`/`unmap` below, as both may call
@@ -4836,7 +4886,7 @@ impl Shell {
             workspace.map_fullscreen(
                 &window,
                 &seat,
-                Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky {
+                Some(restore_state.unwrap_or(FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky {
                     output: old_output,
                     state: FloatingRestoreData {
                         geometry: from,
@@ -4844,10 +4894,12 @@ impl Shell {
                         was_maximized,
                         was_snapped: None,
                     },
-                }),
+                    was_stack,
+                })),
                 Some(from),
             );
-        } else if let Some(workspace) = self.space_for_mut(&mapped) {
+        } else {
+            let workspace = self.space_for_mut(&mapped)?;
             if mapped.is_minimized() {
                 // TODO: Rewrite the `MinimizedWindow` to restore to fullscreen
                 return None;
@@ -4875,23 +4927,26 @@ impl Shell {
                 &seat,
                 match state {
                     WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(floating_state) => {
-                        floating_state.map(|state| FullscreenRestoreState::Floating {
+                        Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Floating {
                             workspace: handle,
-                            state,
+                            state: floating_state,
+                            was_stack: mapped.is_stack(),
                         })
                     }
                     WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(tiling_state) => {
-                        tiling_state.map(|state| FullscreenRestoreState::Tiling {
+                        Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Tiling {
                             workspace: handle,
-                            state,
+                            state: tiling_state,
+                            was_stack: mapped.is_stack(),
                         })
                     }
+                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Stack(stack_state) => {
+                        Some(FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { state: stack_state })
+                    }
                     WorkspaceRestoreData::Fullscreen(_) => unreachable!(),
                 },
                 Some(from),
             );
-        } else {
-            return None;
         };
 
         Some(KeyboardFocusTarget::Fullscreen(window))
@@ -5003,13 +5058,14 @@ impl Shell {
 
         let map = smithay::desktop::layer_map_for_output(output);
         for layer_surface in map.layers() {
+            let namespace = self.workspaces.active_num(output).1;
             layer_surface.take_presentation_feedback(
                 &mut output_presentation_feedback,
                 surface_primary_scanout_output,
                 |surface, _| {
                     surface_presentation_feedback_flags_from_states(
                         surface,
-                        None,
+                        Some(namespace),
                         render_element_states,
                     )
                 },

src/shell/seats.rs

@@ -243,6 +243,12 @@ pub fn create_seat(
     seat
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct CursorGeometry {
+    pub geometry: Rectangle<i32, Buffer>,
+    pub hotspot: Point<i32, Buffer>,
+}
+
 pub trait SeatExt {
     fn id(&self) -> usize;
 
@@ -266,7 +272,7 @@ pub trait SeatExt {
         &self,
         loc: impl Into<Point<f64, Buffer>>,
         time: Time<Monotonic>,
-    ) -> Option<(Rectangle<i32, Buffer>, Point<i32, Buffer>)>;
+    ) -> Option<CursorGeometry>;
     fn cursor_image_status(&self) -> CursorImageStatus;
     fn set_cursor_image_status(&self, status: CursorImageStatus);
 }
@@ -367,7 +373,7 @@ impl SeatExt for Seat<State> {
         &self,
         loc: impl Into<Point<f64, Buffer>>,
         time: Time<Monotonic>,
-    ) -> Option<(Rectangle<i32, Buffer>, Point<i32, Buffer>)> {
+    ) -> Option<CursorGeometry> {
         let location = loc.into().to_i32_round();
 
         match self.cursor_image_status() {
@@ -386,7 +392,10 @@ impl SeatExt for Seat<State> {
                     (geo.loc.x, geo.loc.y).into(),
                     geo.size.to_buffer(1, Transform::Normal),
                 );
-                Some((buffer_geo, (hotspot.x, hotspot.y).into()))
+                Some(CursorGeometry {
+                    geometry: buffer_geo,
+                    hotspot: (hotspot.x, hotspot.y).into(),
+                })
             }
             CursorImageStatus::Named(cursor_icon) => {
                 let seat_userdata = self.user_data();
@@ -398,10 +407,13 @@ impl SeatExt for Seat<State> {
                     .get_named_cursor(cursor_icon)
                     .get_image(1, time.as_millis());
 
-                Some((
-                    Rectangle::new(location, (frame.width as i32, frame.height as i32).into()),
-                    (frame.xhot as i32, frame.yhot as i32).into(),
-                ))
+                Some(CursorGeometry {
+                    geometry: Rectangle::new(
+                        location,
+                        (frame.width as i32, frame.height as i32).into(),
+                    ),
+                    hotspot: (frame.xhot as i32, frame.yhot as i32).into(),
+                })
             }
             CursorImageStatus::Hidden => None,
         }

src/shell/workspace.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
+use crate::backend::render::wayland::SurfaceRenderElement;
 use crate::shell::focus::FocusTarget;
 use crate::shell::layout::tiling::RestoreTilingState;
 use crate::wayland::handlers::xdg_activation::ActivationContext;
 use crate::{
-    backend::render::{
-        BackdropShader,
-        element::{AsGlowRenderer, FromGlesError},
-    },
+    backend::render::{BackdropShader, element::AsGlowRenderer},
     shell::{
         ANIMATION_DURATION, OverviewMode, SeatMoveGrabState,
         layout::{
@@ -31,14 +29,15 @@ use cosmic_protocols::workspace::v2::server::zcosmic_workspace_handle_v2::Tiling
 use id_tree::Tree;
 use indexmap::IndexSet;
 use keyframe::{ease, functions::EaseInOutCubic};
-use smithay::backend::renderer::element::Kind;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use smithay::backend::drm::DrmNode;
+use smithay::backend::renderer::element::{Kind, NamespacedElement};
 use smithay::output::WeakOutput;
 use smithay::utils::user_data::UserDataMap;
 use smithay::{
     backend::renderer::{
         element::{
-            Element, Id, RenderElement, surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
-            texture::TextureRenderElement, utils::RescaleRenderElement,
+            Element, Id, RenderElement, texture::TextureRenderElement, utils::RescaleRenderElement,
         },
         gles::GlesTexture,
         glow::GlowRenderer,
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ use wayland_backend::server::ClientId;
 use super::{
     CosmicMappedRenderElement, CosmicSurface, ResizeDirection, ResizeMode,
     element::{
-        CosmicMapped, MaximizedState, resize_indicator::ResizeIndicator,
+        CosmicMapped, CosmicMappedKey, MaximizedState, resize_indicator::ResizeIndicator,
         stack::CosmicStackRenderElement, swap_indicator::SwapIndicator,
         window::CosmicWindowRenderElement,
     },
@@ -253,14 +252,20 @@ pub enum FullscreenRestoreState {
     Tiling {
         workspace: WorkspaceHandle,
         state: TilingRestoreData,
+        was_stack: bool,
     },
     Floating {
         workspace: WorkspaceHandle,
         state: FloatingRestoreData,
+        was_stack: bool,
     },
     Sticky {
         output: WeakOutput,
         state: FloatingRestoreData,
+        was_stack: bool,
+    },
+    Stack {
+        state: StackRestoreData,
     },
 }
 
@@ -270,6 +275,18 @@ impl FullscreenRestoreState {
             FullscreenRestoreState::Floating { state, .. }
             | FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { state, .. } => state.was_maximized,
             FullscreenRestoreState::Tiling { state, .. } => state.was_maximized,
+            FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { .. } => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Surface was previously a single-window stack
+    pub fn was_stack(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            FullscreenRestoreState::Floating { was_stack, .. }
+            | FullscreenRestoreState::Sticky { was_stack, .. } => *was_stack,
+            FullscreenRestoreState::Tiling { was_stack, .. } => *was_stack,
+            // Stack wasn't removed; surface was removed from the stack
+            FullscreenRestoreState::Stack { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -277,18 +294,9 @@ impl FullscreenRestoreState {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum WorkspaceRestoreData {
     Fullscreen(Option<FullscreenRestoreData>),
-    Tiling(Option<TilingRestoreData>),
-    Floating(Option<FloatingRestoreData>),
-}
-
-impl From<ManagedLayer> for WorkspaceRestoreData {
-    fn from(value: ManagedLayer) -> Self {
-        match value {
-            ManagedLayer::Floating | ManagedLayer::Sticky => WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(None),
-            ManagedLayer::Tiling => WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(None),
-            ManagedLayer::Fullscreen => WorkspaceRestoreData::Fullscreen(None),
-        }
-    }
+    Tiling(TilingRestoreData),
+    Floating(FloatingRestoreData),
+    Stack(StackRestoreData),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -320,6 +328,12 @@ pub struct TilingRestoreData {
     pub was_maximized: bool,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct StackRestoreData {
+    pub stack: CosmicMappedKey,
+    pub idx: usize,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct FullscreenRestoreData {
     pub previous_state: FullscreenRestoreState,
@@ -641,32 +655,30 @@ impl Workspace {
             mapped.set_minimized(false);
             return Some(match state {
                 MinimizedWindow::Floating { previous, .. } => {
-                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(Some(previous))
-                }
-                MinimizedWindow::Tiling { previous, .. } => {
-                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(Some(previous))
+                    WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(previous)
                 }
+                MinimizedWindow::Tiling { previous, .. } => WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(previous),
                 MinimizedWindow::Fullscreen { .. } => unreachable!(),
             });
         }
 
         if let Ok(state) = self.tiling_layer.unmap(mapped, None) {
-            return Some(WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(Some(TilingRestoreData {
+            return Some(WorkspaceRestoreData::Tiling(TilingRestoreData {
                 state,
                 was_maximized: was_maximized.is_some(),
-            })));
+            }));
         }
 
         let was_snapped = *mapped.floating_tiled.lock().unwrap();
         // unmaximize_request might have triggered a `floating_layer.refresh()`,
         // which may have already removed a non-alive surface.
         if let Some(floating_geometry) = self.floating_layer.unmap(mapped, None).or(was_maximized) {
-            return Some(WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(Some(FloatingRestoreData {
+            return Some(WorkspaceRestoreData::Floating(FloatingRestoreData {
                 geometry: floating_geometry,
                 output_size: self.output.geometry().size.as_logical(),
                 was_maximized: was_maximized.is_some(),
                 was_snapped,
-            })));
+            }));
         };
 
         None
@@ -712,19 +724,17 @@ impl Workspace {
         }
 
         let mapped = self.element_for_surface(surface)?;
-        let maybe_stack = mapped.stack_ref().filter(|s| s.len() > 1);
-        if let Some(stack) = maybe_stack
+        if let Some(stack) = mapped.stack_ref()
             && stack.len() > 1
         {
-            let idx = stack.surfaces().position(|s| &s == surface);
-            let layer = if self.is_tiled(surface) {
-                ManagedLayer::Tiling
-            } else {
-                ManagedLayer::Floating
-            };
-            return idx
-                .and_then(|idx| stack.remove_idx(idx))
-                .map(|s| (s, layer.into()));
+            let idx = stack.surfaces().position(|s| &s == surface)?;
+            return Some((
+                stack.remove_idx(idx)?,
+                WorkspaceRestoreData::Stack(StackRestoreData {
+                    stack: mapped.key(),
+                    idx,
+                }),
+            ));
         }
 
         // we know mapped is no stack with more than one element now,
@@ -775,7 +785,7 @@ impl Workspace {
         location: Point<f64, Global>,
         seat: &Seat<State>,
     ) -> Option<KeyboardFocusTarget> {
-        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_round()) {
+        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_floor()) {
             return None;
         }
         let location = location.to_local(&self.output);
@@ -824,7 +834,7 @@ impl Workspace {
         location: Point<f64, Global>,
         seat: &Seat<State>,
     ) -> Option<KeyboardFocusTarget> {
-        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_round()) {
+        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_floor()) {
             return None;
         }
         let location = location.to_local(&self.output);
@@ -874,7 +884,7 @@ impl Workspace {
         overview: OverviewMode,
         seat: &Seat<State>,
     ) -> Option<(PointerFocusTarget, Point<f64, Global>)> {
-        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_round()) {
+        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_floor()) {
             return None;
         }
         let location = location.to_local(&self.output);
@@ -924,7 +934,7 @@ impl Workspace {
         overview: OverviewMode,
         seat: &Seat<State>,
     ) -> Option<(PointerFocusTarget, Point<f64, Global>)> {
-        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_round()) {
+        if !self.output.geometry().contains(location.to_i32_floor()) {
             return None;
         }
         let location = location.to_local(&self.output);
@@ -1612,8 +1622,9 @@ impl Workspace {
         resize_indicator: Option<(ResizeMode, ResizeIndicator)>,
         indicator_thickness: u8,
         theme: &CosmicTheme,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>>, OutputNotMapped>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(WorkspaceRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -1621,108 +1632,109 @@ impl Workspace {
         CosmicStackRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     {
-        let mut elements = Vec::default();
-
         let output_scale = self.output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
         let zone = {
             let layer_map = layer_map_for_output(&self.output);
             layer_map.non_exclusive_zone().as_local()
         };
         let focused = self.focus_stack.get(last_active_seat).last().cloned();
+        let fullscreen_focused = matches!(focused, Some(FocusTarget::Fullscreen(_)));
 
-        let render_fullscreen = |fullscreen: &FullscreenSurface,
-                                 renderer: &mut R,
-                                 output_scale: f64|
-         -> Vec<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>> {
-            let fullscreen_geo = self.fullscreen_geometry_for(fullscreen);
-            let previous_geo = fullscreen
-                .previous_geometry
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap_or(&fullscreen_geo);
+        let mut fullscreen_elements = SmallVec::<[WorkspaceRenderElement<R>; 2]>::new_const();
+        let mut render_fullscreen =
+            |fullscreen: &FullscreenSurface, renderer: &mut R, output_scale: f64| {
+                let fullscreen_geo = self.fullscreen_geometry_for(fullscreen);
+                let previous_geo = fullscreen
+                    .previous_geometry
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .unwrap_or(&fullscreen_geo);
 
-            let (target_geo, alpha) = match (fullscreen.start_at, fullscreen.ended_at) {
-                (Some(started), _) => {
-                    let duration = Instant::now().duration_since(started).as_secs_f64()
-                        / FULLSCREEN_ANIMATION_DURATION.as_secs_f64();
-                    (
-                        ease(
-                            EaseInOutCubic,
-                            EaseRectangle(*previous_geo),
-                            EaseRectangle(fullscreen_geo),
-                            duration,
+                let (target_geo, alpha) = match (fullscreen.start_at, fullscreen.ended_at) {
+                    (Some(started), _) => {
+                        let duration = Instant::now().duration_since(started).as_secs_f64()
+                            / FULLSCREEN_ANIMATION_DURATION.as_secs_f64();
+                        (
+                            ease(
+                                EaseInOutCubic,
+                                EaseRectangle(*previous_geo),
+                                EaseRectangle(fullscreen_geo),
+                                duration,
+                            )
+                            .0,
+                            ease(EaseInOutCubic, 0.0, 1.0, duration),
                         )
-                        .0,
-                        ease(EaseInOutCubic, 0.0, 1.0, duration),
-                    )
-                }
-                (_, Some(ended)) => {
-                    let duration = Instant::now().duration_since(ended).as_secs_f64()
-                        / FULLSCREEN_ANIMATION_DURATION.as_secs_f64();
-                    (
-                        ease(
-                            EaseInOutCubic,
-                            EaseRectangle(fullscreen_geo),
-                            EaseRectangle(*previous_geo),
-                            duration,
+                    }
+                    (_, Some(ended)) => {
+                        let duration = Instant::now().duration_since(ended).as_secs_f64()
+                            / FULLSCREEN_ANIMATION_DURATION.as_secs_f64();
+                        (
+                            ease(
+                                EaseInOutCubic,
+                                EaseRectangle(fullscreen_geo),
+                                EaseRectangle(*previous_geo),
+                                duration,
+                            )
+                            .0,
+                            ease(EaseInOutCubic, 1.0, 0.0, duration),
                         )
-                        .0,
-                        ease(EaseInOutCubic, 1.0, 0.0, duration),
-                    )
-                }
-                (None, None) => (fullscreen_geo, 1.0),
-            };
+                    }
+                    (None, None) => (fullscreen_geo, 1.0),
+                };
 
-            let render_loc = target_geo
-                .loc
-                .as_logical()
-                .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale);
+                let render_loc = target_geo
+                    .loc
+                    .as_logical()
+                    .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale);
 
-            // Only rescale geometry when animating
-            let animation_rescale = |elem| {
-                if fullscreen.is_animating() {
-                    let fullscreen_geo = fullscreen.surface.0.geometry();
-                    let scale = Scale {
-                        x: target_geo.size.w as f64 / fullscreen_geo.size.w as f64,
-                        y: target_geo.size.h as f64 / fullscreen_geo.size.h as f64,
-                    };
+                let fullscreen_geo = fullscreen.surface.0.geometry();
+                let scale = Scale {
+                    x: target_geo.size.w as f64 / fullscreen_geo.size.w as f64,
+                    y: target_geo.size.h as f64 / fullscreen_geo.size.h as f64,
+                };
 
-                    RescaleRenderElement::from_element(elem, render_loc, scale).into()
-                } else {
-                    Into::<WorkspaceRenderElement<_>>::into(elem)
-                }
-            };
+                // Only rescale geometry when animating
+                let animation_rescale = |elem| {
+                    if fullscreen.is_animating() {
+                        RescaleRenderElement::from_element(elem, render_loc, scale).into()
+                    } else {
+                        Into::<WorkspaceRenderElement<_>>::into(elem)
+                    }
+                };
 
-            fullscreen
-                .surface
-                .render_elements::<R, CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>(
+                let mut fullscreen_push = |elem: SurfaceRenderElement<R>| {
+                    if fullscreen_focused {
+                        push(animation_rescale(elem.into()))
+                    } else {
+                        fullscreen_elements.push(animation_rescale(elem.into()))
+                    }
+                };
+                fullscreen.surface.push_render_elements(
                     renderer,
                     render_loc,
                     output_scale.into(),
                     alpha,
                     Some(true),
-                )
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(animation_rescale)
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        };
+                    scanout_node,
+                    false,
+                    [0, 0, 0, 0],
+                    0,
+                    &mut fullscreen_push,
+                    None,
+                );
+            };
 
         let top_fullscreen = self.get_fullscreen(last_active_seat);
 
-        let mut fullscreen_elements: Vec<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>> = Vec::new();
         if let Some(fs) = top_fullscreen {
-            fullscreen_elements.extend(render_fullscreen(fs, renderer, output_scale));
+            render_fullscreen(fs, renderer, output_scale)
         }
         // Also render any animating (entering/exiting) fullscreens
         for fs in self.fullscreen_surfaces.iter().filter(|f| f.is_animating()) {
             if top_fullscreen.is_none_or(|top| top.surface != fs.surface) {
-                fullscreen_elements.extend(render_fullscreen(fs, renderer, output_scale));
+                render_fullscreen(fs, renderer, output_scale);
             };
         }
 
-        if matches!(focused, Some(FocusTarget::Fullscreen(_))) {
-            elements.append(&mut fullscreen_elements);
-        }
-
         let any_fullscreen_animating = self
             .fullscreen_surfaces
             .iter()
@@ -1753,28 +1765,21 @@ impl Workspace {
                 OverviewMode::None => 1.0,
             };
 
-            elements.extend(
-                self.floating_layer
-                    .render::<R>(
-                        renderer,
-                        render_focus
-                            .then(|| {
-                                focused.as_ref().and_then(|target| {
-                                    if let FocusTarget::Window(mapped) = target {
-                                        Some(mapped)
-                                    } else {
-                                        None
-                                    }
-                                })
-                            })
-                            .flatten(),
-                        resize_indicator.clone(),
-                        indicator_thickness,
-                        alpha,
-                        theme,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(WorkspaceRenderElement::from),
+            self.floating_layer.render(
+                renderer,
+                focused.as_ref().and_then(|target| {
+                    if let FocusTarget::Window(mapped) = target {
+                        Some(mapped)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                }),
+                resize_indicator.clone(),
+                indicator_thickness,
+                alpha,
+                theme,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
             );
 
             let alpha = match &overview.0 {
@@ -1791,23 +1796,31 @@ impl Workspace {
             };
 
             //tiling surfaces
-            elements.extend(
-                self.tiling_layer
-                    .render::<R>(
-                        renderer,
-                        render_focus.then_some(last_active_seat),
-                        zone,
-                        overview,
-                        resize_indicator,
-                        indicator_thickness,
-                        theme,
-                    )?
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(WorkspaceRenderElement::from),
+            self.tiling_layer.render(
+                renderer,
+                render_focus.then_some(last_active_seat),
+                render_focus
+                    .then(|| {
+                        focused.as_ref().and_then(|target| {
+                            if let FocusTarget::Window(mapped) = target {
+                                Some(mapped)
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            }
+                        })
+                    })
+                    .flatten(),
+                zone,
+                overview,
+                resize_indicator,
+                indicator_thickness,
+                theme,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
             );
 
             if let Some(alpha) = alpha {
-                elements.push(
+                push(
                     Into::<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>>::into(BackdropShader::element(
                         renderer,
                         self.backdrop_id.clone(),
@@ -1821,11 +1834,9 @@ impl Workspace {
             }
         }
 
-        if !matches!(focused, Some(FocusTarget::Fullscreen(_))) {
-            elements.extend(fullscreen_elements.into_iter());
+        for elem in fullscreen_elements {
+            push(elem);
         }
-
-        Ok(elements)
     }
 
     #[profiling::function]
@@ -1836,8 +1847,9 @@ impl Workspace {
         render_focus: bool,
         overview: (OverviewMode, Option<(SwapIndicator, Option<&Tree<Data>>)>),
         theme: &CosmicTheme,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<WorkspaceRenderElement<R>>, OutputNotMapped>
-    where
+        scanout_node: Option<DrmNode>,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(WorkspaceRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -1845,8 +1857,6 @@ impl Workspace {
         CosmicStackRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     {
-        let mut elements = Vec::default();
-
         let output_scale = self.output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
         let zone = {
             let layer_map = layer_map_for_output(&self.output);
@@ -1901,17 +1911,14 @@ impl Workspace {
                 .as_logical()
                 .to_physical_precise_round(output_scale);
 
-            elements.extend(
-                fullscreen
-                    .surface
-                    .popup_render_elements::<R, CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>(
-                        renderer,
-                        render_loc,
-                        output_scale.into(),
-                        alpha,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(Into::into),
+            fullscreen.surface.push_popup_render_elements(
+                renderer,
+                render_loc,
+                output_scale.into(),
+                alpha,
+                scanout_node,
+                0,
+                &mut |elem| push(WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem.into())),
             );
         }
 
@@ -1945,29 +1952,20 @@ impl Workspace {
                 OverviewMode::None => 1.0,
             };
 
-            elements.extend(
-                self.floating_layer
-                    .render_popups::<R>(renderer, alpha)
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(WorkspaceRenderElement::from),
-            );
+            self.floating_layer
+                .render_popups(renderer, alpha, scanout_node, &mut |elem| push(elem.into()));
 
             //tiling surfaces
-            elements.extend(
-                self.tiling_layer
-                    .render_popups::<R>(
-                        renderer,
-                        render_focus.then_some(last_active_seat),
-                        zone,
-                        overview,
-                        theme,
-                    )?
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(WorkspaceRenderElement::from),
+            self.tiling_layer.render_popups(
+                renderer,
+                render_focus.then_some(last_active_seat),
+                zone,
+                overview,
+                theme,
+                scanout_node,
+                &mut |elem| push(elem.into()),
             );
         }
-
-        Ok(elements)
     }
 }
 
@@ -1986,9 +1984,10 @@ pub struct OutputNotMapped;
 pub enum WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
-    OverrideRedirect(WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    OverrideRedirect(SurfaceRenderElement<R>),
+    LowerLayerShell(NamespacedElement<SurfaceRenderElement<R>>),
     Fullscreen(RescaleRenderElement<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>),
     FullscreenPopup(CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>),
     Window(CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>),
@@ -1998,11 +1997,12 @@ where
 impl<R> Element for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn id(&self) -> &smithay::backend::renderer::element::Id {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.id(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.id(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.id(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.id(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.id(),
@@ -2013,6 +2013,7 @@ where
     fn current_commit(&self) -> smithay::backend::renderer::utils::CommitCounter {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.current_commit(),
@@ -2023,6 +2024,7 @@ where
     fn src(&self) -> Rectangle<f64, smithay::utils::Buffer> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.src(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.src(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.src(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.src(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.src(),
@@ -2033,6 +2035,7 @@ where
     fn geometry(&self, scale: Scale<f64>) -> Rectangle<i32, smithay::utils::Physical> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.geometry(scale),
@@ -2043,6 +2046,7 @@ where
     fn location(&self, scale: Scale<f64>) -> Point<i32, smithay::utils::Physical> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.location(scale),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.location(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.location(scale),
@@ -2053,6 +2057,7 @@ where
     fn transform(&self) -> smithay::utils::Transform {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.transform(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.transform(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.transform(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.transform(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.transform(),
@@ -2067,6 +2072,7 @@ where
     ) -> DamageSet<i32, smithay::utils::Physical> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.damage_since(scale, commit),
@@ -2077,6 +2083,7 @@ where
     fn opaque_regions(&self, scale: Scale<f64>) -> OpaqueRegions<i32, smithay::utils::Physical> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.opaque_regions(scale),
@@ -2087,6 +2094,7 @@ where
     fn alpha(&self) -> f32 {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.alpha(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.alpha(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.alpha(),
@@ -2097,6 +2105,7 @@ where
     fn kind(&self) -> Kind {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.kind(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.kind(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.kind(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.kind(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.kind(),
@@ -2107,6 +2116,7 @@ where
     fn is_framebuffer_effect(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.is_framebuffer_effect(),
@@ -2118,8 +2128,7 @@ where
 impl<R> RenderElement<R> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
 {
     fn draw(
         &self,
@@ -2134,6 +2143,9 @@ where
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => {
+                elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
+            }
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => {
                 elem.draw(frame, src, dst, damage, opaque_regions, cache)
             }
@@ -2152,7 +2164,7 @@ where
                 opaque_regions,
                 cache,
             )
-            .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error),
+            .map_err(R::from_gles_error),
         }
     }
 
@@ -2162,6 +2174,7 @@ where
     ) -> Option<smithay::backend::renderer::element::UnderlyingStorage<'_>> {
         match self {
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::FullscreenPopup(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Window(elem) => elem.underlying_storage(renderer),
@@ -2182,6 +2195,9 @@ where
             WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
             }
+            WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem) => {
+                elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
+            }
             WorkspaceRenderElement::Fullscreen(elem) => {
                 elem.capture_framebuffer(frame, src, dst, cache)
             }
@@ -2199,7 +2215,7 @@ where
                     dst,
                     cache,
                 )
-                .map_err(FromGlesError::from_gles_error)
+                .map_err(R::from_gles_error)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2208,7 +2224,7 @@ where
 impl<R> From<RescaleRenderElement<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: RescaleRenderElement<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>>) -> Self {
@@ -2219,7 +2235,7 @@ where
 impl<R> From<CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: CosmicWindowRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
@@ -2227,21 +2243,32 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<R> From<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
+impl<R> From<SurfaceRenderElement<R>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
-    fn from(elem: WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from(elem: SurfaceRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
         WorkspaceRenderElement::OverrideRedirect(elem)
     }
 }
 
+impl<R> From<NamespacedElement<SurfaceRenderElement<R>>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
+where
+    R: AsGlowRenderer,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
+    CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
+{
+    fn from(elem: NamespacedElement<SurfaceRenderElement<R>>) -> Self {
+        WorkspaceRenderElement::LowerLayerShell(elem)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<R> From<CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>) -> Self {
@@ -2252,7 +2279,7 @@ where
 impl<R> From<TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>> for WorkspaceRenderElement<R>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::TextureId: 'static,
+    R::TextureId: Send + 'static,
     CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
 {
     fn from(elem: TextureRenderElement<GlesTexture>) -> Self {

src/shell/zoom.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ use std::{sync::Mutex, time::Instant};
 use calloop::LoopHandle;
 use cosmic::{
     Apply,
-    iced::{Alignment, Background, Border, Length, alignment::Vertical},
-    iced_widget, theme,
+    iced::{Alignment, Background, Border, Length, alignment::Vertical, widget as iced_widget},
+    theme,
     widget::{self, icon::Named},
 };
 use cosmic_comp_config::ZoomMovement;
 use cosmic_config::ConfigSet;
 use keyframe::{ease, functions::Linear};
 use smithay::{
-    backend::renderer::{ImportMem, Renderer, element::AsRenderElements},
+    backend::renderer::ImportMem,
     desktop::space::SpaceElement,
     input::{
         Seat,
@@ -27,14 +27,15 @@ use smithay::{
         },
     },
     output::Output,
-    utils::{IsAlive, Point, Rectangle, Serial, Size},
+    utils::{FrameExtents, IsAlive, Point, Rectangle, Serial, Size},
 };
 use tracing::error;
 
 use crate::{
+    backend::render::element::AsGlowRenderer,
     state::State,
     utils::{
-        iced::{IcedElement, Program},
+        iced::{IcedElement, IcedRenderElement, Program},
         prelude::*,
         tween::EasePoint,
     },
@@ -71,45 +72,17 @@ impl OutputZoomState {
         increment: u32,
         movement: ZoomMovement,
         loop_handle: LoopHandle<'static, State>,
-        theme: cosmic::Theme,
+        mut theme: cosmic::Theme,
     ) -> OutputZoomState {
+        theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
         let cursor_position = seat.get_pointer().unwrap().current_location().as_global();
+        let focal_point = cursor_position.to_local(output);
         let output_geometry = output.geometry().to_f64();
-        let focal_point = if output_geometry.contains(cursor_position) {
-            match movement {
-                ZoomMovement::Continuously | ZoomMovement::OnEdge => {
-                    cursor_position.to_local(output)
-                }
-                ZoomMovement::Centered => {
-                    let mut zoomed_output_geometry = output.geometry().to_f64().downscale(level);
-                    zoomed_output_geometry.loc =
-                        cursor_position - zoomed_output_geometry.size.downscale(2.).to_point();
-
-                    let mut focal_point = zoomed_output_geometry
-                        .loc
-                        .to_local(output)
-                        .upscale(level)
-                        .to_global(output);
-                    focal_point.x = focal_point.x.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.x,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w).next_down(),
-                    );
-                    focal_point.y = focal_point.y.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.y,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h).next_down(),
-                    );
-                    focal_point.to_local(output)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            (output_geometry.size.w / 2., output_geometry.size.h / 2.).into()
-        };
 
         let program = ZoomProgram::new(level, movement, increment);
         let element = IcedElement::new(program, Size::default(), loop_handle, theme);
         let mut size = element.minimum_size();
-        size.w = (size.w + 32/*TODO: figure out why iced is calculating too little*/)
-            .min(output_geometry.size.w.round() as i32);
+        size.w = size.w.min(output_geometry.size.w.round() as i32);
         element.set_activate(true);
         element.resize(size);
         element.output_enter(output, Rectangle::new(Point::from((0, 0)), size));
@@ -192,10 +165,13 @@ impl OutputZoomState {
         });
     }
 
-    fn render<R, C>(&mut self, renderer: &mut R, output: &Output) -> Vec<C>
-    where
-        C: From<<IcedElement<ZoomProgram> as AsRenderElements<R>>::RenderElement>,
-        R: Renderer + ImportMem,
+    fn render<R>(
+        &mut self,
+        renderer: &mut R,
+        output: &Output,
+        push: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
     {
         let size = self.element.current_size().to_f64();
@@ -208,8 +184,17 @@ impl OutputZoomState {
         .to_physical(scale.fractional_scale())
         .to_i32_round();
 
-        self.element
-            .render_elements(renderer, location, scale.fractional_scale().into(), 1.0)
+        self.element.push_render_elements(
+            renderer,
+            location,
+            scale.fractional_scale().into(),
+            1.0,
+            self.element
+                .with_theme(|theme| theme.cosmic().radius_s())
+                .map(|x| x.round() as u8),
+            push,
+            None,
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -256,86 +241,101 @@ impl ZoomState {
         &mut self,
         output: &Output,
         cursor_position: Point<f64, Global>,
-        original_position: Point<f64, Global>,
+        _original_position: Point<f64, Global>,
         movement: ZoomMovement,
     ) {
-        let output_geometry = output.geometry().to_f64();
-        let mut zoomed_output_geometry = output.zoomed_geometry().unwrap().to_f64();
+        let output_geometry = output.geometry().to_f64().to_local(output);
+        let zoomed_output_geometry = output.zoomed_geometry().unwrap().to_f64().to_local(output);
 
         let output_state = output.user_data().get::<Mutex<OutputZoomState>>().unwrap();
         let mut output_state_ref = output_state.lock().unwrap();
 
-        // animate movement type changes
-        if self.movement != movement {
+        let level = output_state_ref.current_level();
+
+        let is_level_change = output_state_ref
+            .previous_level
+            .is_some_and(|prev| prev.0 != level);
+
+        // animate level and movement type changes
+        if is_level_change || self.movement != movement {
             output_state_ref.previous_point = Some((output_state_ref.focal_point, Instant::now()));
             self.movement = movement;
         }
 
         let cursor_position = cursor_position.to_local(output);
         match movement {
-            ZoomMovement::Continuously => output_state_ref.focal_point = cursor_position,
-            ZoomMovement::OnEdge => {
-                if !zoomed_output_geometry
-                    .overlaps_or_touches(Rectangle::new(original_position, Size::from((16., 16.))))
-                {
-                    zoomed_output_geometry.loc = cursor_position.to_global(output)
-                        - zoomed_output_geometry.size.downscale(2.).to_point();
-                    let mut focal_point = zoomed_output_geometry
-                        .loc
-                        .to_local(output)
-                        .upscale(output_state_ref.level)
-                        .to_global(output);
-                    focal_point.x = focal_point.x.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.x,
-                        output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w - 1.,
-                    );
-                    focal_point.y = focal_point.y.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.y,
-                        output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h - 1.,
-                    );
-                    output_state_ref.previous_point =
-                        Some((output_state_ref.focal_point, Instant::now()));
-                    output_state_ref.focal_point = focal_point.to_local(output);
-                } else if !zoomed_output_geometry.contains(cursor_position.to_global(output)) {
-                    let mut diff = output_state_ref.focal_point.to_global(output)
-                        + (cursor_position.to_global(output) - original_position)
-                            .upscale(output_state_ref.level);
-                    diff.x = diff.x.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.x,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w).next_down(),
-                    );
-                    diff.y = diff.y.clamp(
-                        output_geometry.loc.y,
-                        (output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h).next_down(),
-                    );
-                    diff -= output_state_ref.focal_point.to_global(output);
-
-                    output_state_ref.focal_point += diff.as_logical().as_local();
-                }
+            ZoomMovement::Continuously => {
+                // Focal point is the cursor position
+                output_state_ref.focal_point = cursor_position;
             }
-            ZoomMovement::Centered => {
-                zoomed_output_geometry.loc = cursor_position.to_global(output)
-                    - zoomed_output_geometry.size.downscale(2.).to_point();
+            ZoomMovement::OnEdge => {
+                if is_level_change {
+                    // Ensure the cursor doesn't disappear off screen
+                    output_state_ref.focal_point = cursor_position;
+                    return;
+                }
 
-                let mut focal_point = zoomed_output_geometry
-                    .loc
-                    .to_local(output)
-                    .upscale(
-                        (output_geometry.size.w
-                            / (output_geometry.size.w - zoomed_output_geometry.size.w)
-                                .max(f64::EPSILON))
-                        .max(1.),
-                    )
-                    .to_global(output);
+                // Compute small margin relative to zoomed output to keep cursor within
+                // (can be user-configurable in the future)
+                let margin_size = zoomed_output_geometry.size.h * 0.02;
+                let margins = FrameExtents::new(margin_size, margin_size, margin_size, margin_size);
+                let inner_rect = zoomed_output_geometry - margins;
+
+                if inner_rect.contains(cursor_position) {
+                    // Do not move if cursor within margins
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Compute dx and dy to move the zoomed output based on cursor distance outside margin(s)
+                let dx = if cursor_position.x < inner_rect.loc.x {
+                    cursor_position.x - inner_rect.loc.x
+                } else if cursor_position.x > inner_rect.loc.x + inner_rect.size.w {
+                    cursor_position.x - (inner_rect.loc.x + inner_rect.size.w)
+                } else {
+                    0.0
+                };
+                let dy = if cursor_position.y < inner_rect.loc.y {
+                    cursor_position.y - inner_rect.loc.y
+                } else if cursor_position.y > inner_rect.loc.y + inner_rect.size.h {
+                    cursor_position.y - (inner_rect.loc.y + inner_rect.size.h)
+                } else {
+                    0.0
+                };
+
+                let mut focal_point = output_state_ref.focal_point + Point::new(dx, dy);
+
+                // Clamp the final focal point to output geometry
                 focal_point.x = focal_point.x.clamp(
                     output_geometry.loc.x,
-                    output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w - 1.,
+                    output_geometry.loc.x + output_geometry.size.w - 1.0,
                 );
                 focal_point.y = focal_point.y.clamp(
                     output_geometry.loc.y,
-                    output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h - 1.,
+                    output_geometry.loc.y + output_geometry.size.h - 1.0,
                 );
-                output_state_ref.focal_point = focal_point.to_local(output);
+
+                output_state_ref.focal_point = focal_point;
+            }
+            ZoomMovement::Centered => {
+                let center = (output_geometry.size / 2.).to_point();
+
+                if level == 1.0 {
+                    // Prevent focal point jumping to top-left corner (0, 0) on zoom out
+                    output_state_ref.focal_point = center;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Compute translation to keep cursor at center of screen
+                let mut tx = center.x - cursor_position.x * level;
+                let mut ty = center.y - cursor_position.y * level;
+
+                // Clamp translation to keep viewport within screen bounds
+                tx = tx.clamp(output_geometry.size.w * (1.0 - level), 0.0);
+                ty = ty.clamp(output_geometry.size.h * (1.0 - level), 0.0);
+
+                // Convert translation back to focal point:  T = F * (1 - level)
+                output_state_ref.focal_point =
+                    Point::from((tx / (1.0 - level), ty / (1.0 - level)));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -382,14 +382,13 @@ impl ZoomState {
         None
     }
 
-    pub fn render<R, C>(renderer: &mut R, output: &Output) -> Vec<C>
+    pub fn render<R>(renderer: &mut R, output: &Output, push: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>))
     where
-        C: From<<IcedElement<ZoomProgram> as AsRenderElements<R>>::RenderElement>,
-        R: Renderer + ImportMem,
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
     {
         let output_state = output.user_data().get::<Mutex<OutputZoomState>>().unwrap();
-        output_state.lock().unwrap().render(renderer, output)
+        output_state.lock().unwrap().render(renderer, output, push)
     }
 }
 
@@ -506,6 +505,7 @@ impl Program for ZoomProgram {
         .class(theme::Container::custom(|theme| {
             let cosmic = theme.cosmic();
             let component = &cosmic.background(false).component;
+            let component = &cosmic.background(false).component;
             iced_widget::container::Style {
                 snap: true,
                 icon_color: Some(component.on.into()),
@@ -581,6 +581,8 @@ impl Program for ZoomProgram {
                                 let level = output_state_ref.level;
                                 std::mem::drop(output_state_ref);
 
+                                let mut theme = state.common.theme.clone();
+                                theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
                                 let grab = MenuGrab::new(
                                     start_data,
                                     &seat,
@@ -693,7 +695,7 @@ impl Program for ZoomProgram {
                                     ),
                                     Some(level.min(4.)),
                                     state.common.event_loop_handle.clone(),
-                                    state.common.theme.clone(),
+                                    theme,
                                 );
 
                                 std::mem::drop(shell);
@@ -746,6 +748,8 @@ impl Program for ZoomProgram {
                                 let level = output_state_ref.level;
                                 std::mem::drop(output_state_ref);
 
+                                let mut theme = state.common.theme.clone();
+                                theme.transparent = theme.cosmic().frosted_system_interface;
                                 let grab = MenuGrab::new(
                                     start_data,
                                     &seat,
@@ -778,7 +782,7 @@ impl Program for ZoomProgram {
                                     MenuAlignment::PREFER_CENTERED,
                                     Some(level.min(4.)),
                                     state.common.event_loop_handle.clone(),
-                                    state.common.theme.clone(),
+                                    theme,
                                 );
 
                                 std::mem::drop(shell);

src/state.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
             corner_radius::CornerRadiusState,
             drm::WlDrmState,
             image_capture_source::CosmicImageCaptureSourceState,
+            keyboard_layout::KeyboardLayoutState,
             output_configuration::OutputConfigurationState,
             output_power::OutputPowerState,
             overlap_notify::OverlapNotifyState,
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ use smithay::{
     utils::{Clock, Monotonic, Point},
     wayland::{
         alpha_modifier::AlphaModifierState,
+        background_effect::BackgroundEffectState,
         compositor::{CompositorClientState, CompositorState, SurfaceData},
         cursor_shape::CursorShapeManagerState,
         dmabuf::{DmabufFeedback, DmabufGlobal, DmabufState},
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ use std::{
     cmp::min,
     collections::HashSet,
     ffi::OsString,
-    process::Child,
+    process::{Child, Command},
     sync::{Arc, LazyLock, Once, atomic::AtomicBool},
     time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
@@ -223,6 +225,7 @@ pub struct State {
     pub common: Common,
     pub ready: Once,
     pub last_refresh: LastRefresh,
+    pub kiosk_command: Option<Command>,
 }
 smithay::delegate_dispatch2!(State);
 
@@ -279,6 +282,8 @@ pub struct Common {
     pub overlap_notify_state: OverlapNotifyState,
     pub a11y_state: A11yState,
     pub dbus_state: DBusState,
+    pub keyboard_layout_state: KeyboardLayoutState,
+    pub background_effect_state: BackgroundEffectState,
 
     // shell-related wayland state
     pub xdg_shell_state: XdgShellState,
@@ -629,6 +634,7 @@ impl State {
         handle: LoopHandle<'static, State>,
         signal: LoopSignal,
         with_xwayland: bool,
+        kiosk_command: Option<Command>,
     ) -> State {
         let requested_languages = DesktopLanguageRequester::requested_languages();
         i18n_embed::select(&*LANG_LOADER, &Localizations, &requested_languages)
@@ -682,6 +688,9 @@ impl State {
         AlphaModifierState::new::<Self>(dh);
         SinglePixelBufferState::new::<Self>(dh);
         FixesState::new::<Self>(dh);
+        let keyboard_layout_state = KeyboardLayoutState::new::<State, _>(dh, client_not_sandboxed);
+
+        let background_effect_state = BackgroundEffectState::new::<Self>(dh);
 
         let idle_notifier_state = IdleNotifierState::<Self>::new(dh, handle.clone());
         let idle_inhibit_manager_state = IdleInhibitManagerState::new::<State>(dh);
@@ -786,12 +795,14 @@ impl State {
                 xdg_activation_state,
                 xdg_foreign_state,
                 workspace_state,
+                background_effect_state,
                 a11y_state,
                 xwayland_scale: None,
                 xwayland_state: None,
                 xwayland_shell_state,
                 pointer_focus_state: None,
                 dbus_state,
+                keyboard_layout_state,
 
                 #[cfg(feature = "logind")]
                 inhibit_lid_fd: None,
@@ -801,6 +812,7 @@ impl State {
             backend: BackendData::Unset,
             ready: Once::new(),
             last_refresh: LastRefresh::None,
+            kiosk_command,
         }
     }
 
@@ -930,19 +942,22 @@ impl Common {
         render_element_states: &RenderElementStates,
     ) {
         let shell = self.shell.read();
-        let processor = |surface: &WlSurface, states: &SurfaceData| {
-            let primary_scanout_output = update_surface_primary_scanout_output(
-                surface,
-                output,
-                states,
-                None,
-                render_element_states,
-                primary_scanout_output_compare,
-            );
-            if let Some(output) = primary_scanout_output {
-                with_fractional_scale(states, |fraction_scale| {
-                    fraction_scale.set_preferred_scale(output.current_scale().fractional_scale());
-                });
+        let processor = |namespace: Option<usize>| {
+            move |surface: &WlSurface, states: &SurfaceData| {
+                let primary_scanout_output = update_surface_primary_scanout_output(
+                    surface,
+                    output,
+                    states,
+                    namespace,
+                    render_element_states,
+                    primary_scanout_output_compare,
+                );
+                if let Some(output) = primary_scanout_output {
+                    with_fractional_scale(states, |fraction_scale| {
+                        fraction_scale
+                            .set_preferred_scale(output.current_scale().fractional_scale());
+                    });
+                }
             }
         };
 
@@ -950,7 +965,7 @@ impl Common {
         if let Some(session_lock) = shell.session_lock.as_ref()
             && let Some(lock_surface) = session_lock.surfaces.get(output)
         {
-            with_surfaces_surface_tree(lock_surface.wl_surface(), processor)
+            with_surfaces_surface_tree(lock_surface.wl_surface(), processor(None))
         }
 
         for seat in shell
@@ -962,7 +977,7 @@ impl Common {
 
             // cursor ...
             if let CursorImageStatus::Surface(wl_surface) = cursor_status {
-                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&wl_surface, processor);
+                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&wl_surface, processor(None));
             }
 
             // grabs
@@ -970,12 +985,12 @@ impl Common {
                 && let Some(grab_state) = move_grab.lock().unwrap().as_ref()
             {
                 for (window, _) in grab_state.element().windows() {
-                    window.with_surfaces(processor);
+                    window.with_surfaces(processor(None));
                 }
             }
 
             if let Some(icon) = get_dnd_icon(seat) {
-                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&icon.surface, processor);
+                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&icon.surface, processor(None));
             }
         }
 
@@ -983,7 +998,7 @@ impl Common {
         for set in shell.workspaces.sets.values() {
             set.sticky_layer.mapped().for_each(|mapped| {
                 for (window, _) in mapped.windows() {
-                    window.with_surfaces(processor);
+                    window.with_surfaces(processor(None));
                 }
             });
         }
@@ -991,16 +1006,16 @@ impl Common {
         // normal windows
         for space in shell.workspaces.spaces() {
             if let Some(fs) = space.get_fullscreen(shell.seats.last_active()) {
-                fs.surface.with_surfaces(processor);
+                fs.surface.with_surfaces(processor(None));
             }
             space.mapped().for_each(|mapped| {
                 for (window, _) in mapped.windows() {
-                    window.with_surfaces(processor);
+                    window.with_surfaces(processor(None));
                 }
             });
             space.minimized_windows.iter().for_each(|m| {
                 for window in m.windows() {
-                    window.with_surfaces(processor);
+                    window.with_surfaces(processor(None));
                 }
             })
         }
@@ -1008,15 +1023,16 @@ impl Common {
         // OR windows
         shell.override_redirect_windows.iter().for_each(|or| {
             if let Some(wl_surface) = or.wl_surface() {
-                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&wl_surface, processor);
+                with_surfaces_surface_tree(&wl_surface, processor(None));
             }
         });
 
         // layer surfaces
         for o in shell.outputs() {
+            let namespace = shell.workspaces.active_num(o).1;
             let map = smithay::desktop::layer_map_for_output(o);
             for layer_surface in map.layers() {
-                layer_surface.with_surfaces(processor);
+                layer_surface.with_surfaces(processor(Some(namespace)));
             }
         }
     }

src/systemd.rs

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ pub fn ready(common: &Common) {
             ),
             Err(err) => error!(?err, "Failed to run systemctl although booted with systemd",),
         };
+    }
 
-        if let Err(err) = notify(false, &[NotifyState::Ready]) {
-            error!(?err, "Failed to notify systemd");
-        }
+    if let Err(err) = notify(false, &[NotifyState::Ready]) {
+        error!(?err, "Failed to notify systemd");
     }
 }

src/utils/iced/mod.rs

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ use cosmic::{
     iced::{
         Limits, Point as IcedPoint, Size as IcedSize, Task,
         advanced::{graphics::text::font_system, widget::Tree},
+        core::{Color, Length, Pixels, clipboard::Null as NullClipboard, id::Id, renderer::Style},
         event::Event,
         futures::{FutureExt, StreamExt},
         keyboard::{Event as KeyboardEvent, Modifiers as IcedModifiers},
         mouse::{Button as MouseButton, Cursor, Event as MouseEvent, ScrollDelta},
+        runtime::{Action, task::into_stream},
         touch::{Event as TouchEvent, Finger},
         window::Event as WindowEvent,
     },
-    iced_core::{Color, Length, Pixels, clipboard::Null as NullClipboard, id::Id, renderer::Style},
-    iced_runtime::{Action, task::into_stream},
 };
 use iced_tiny_skia::{
     Layer,
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ use smithay::{
         allocator::Fourcc,
         input::{ButtonState, KeyState},
         renderer::{
-            ImportMem, Renderer,
+            ImportMem,
             element::{
-                AsRenderElements, Kind,
+                Kind,
                 memory::{MemoryRenderBuffer, MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement},
             },
         },
@@ -57,13 +57,20 @@ use smithay::{
     },
     output::Output,
     reexports::calloop::{self, LoopHandle, RegistrationToken, futures::Scheduler},
+    render_elements,
     utils::{
         Buffer as BufferCoords, IsAlive, Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Serial, Size,
         Transform,
     },
 };
 
-use crate::utils::iced::state::State;
+use crate::{
+    backend::render::{
+        element::AsGlowRenderer,
+        wayland::blur_effect::{BlurElement, BlurState},
+    },
+    utils::iced::state::State,
+};
 
 static ID: LazyLock<Id> = LazyLock::new(|| Id::new("Program"));
 
@@ -173,6 +180,7 @@ pub(crate) struct IcedElementInternal<P: Program + Send + 'static> {
     outputs: HashSet<Output>,
     buffers: HashMap<OrderedFloat<f64>, (MemoryRenderBuffer, Option<(Vec<Layer>, Color)>)>,
     pending_realloc: bool,
+    blur: BlurState,
 
     // state
     size: Size<i32, Logical>,
@@ -225,6 +233,7 @@ impl<P: Program + Send + Clone + 'static> Clone for IcedElementInternal<P> {
             outputs: self.outputs.clone(),
             buffers: self.buffers.clone(),
             pending_realloc: self.pending_realloc,
+            blur: BlurState::default(),
             size: self.size,
             last_seat: self.last_seat.clone(),
             cursor_pos: self.cursor_pos,
@@ -310,6 +319,7 @@ impl<P: Program + Send + 'static> IcedElement<P> {
             outputs: HashSet::new(),
             buffers: HashMap::new(),
             pending_realloc: false,
+            blur: BlurState::default(),
             size,
             cursor_pos: None,
             last_seat,
@@ -342,7 +352,6 @@ impl<P: Program + Send + 'static> IcedElement<P> {
         let node = element
             .as_widget_mut()
             .layout(
-                // TODO Avoid creating a new tree here?
                 &mut tree,
                 &internal.renderer,
                 &Limits::new(IcedSize::ZERO, IcedSize::INFINITE)
@@ -386,6 +395,11 @@ impl<P: Program + Send + 'static> IcedElement<P> {
         self.0.lock().unwrap().update(true);
     }
 
+    pub fn with_theme<R: 'static>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&Theme) -> R) -> R {
+        let guard = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+        f(&guard.theme)
+    }
+
     pub fn set_theme(&self, theme: cosmic::Theme) {
         let mut guard = self.0.lock().unwrap();
         guard.theme = theme.clone();
@@ -910,21 +924,20 @@ impl<P: Program + Send + 'static> SpaceElement for IcedElement<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P, R> AsRenderElements<R> for IcedElement<P>
-where
-    P: Program + Send + 'static,
-    R: Renderer + ImportMem,
-    R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-{
-    type RenderElement = MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>;
-
-    fn render_elements<C: From<Self::RenderElement>>(
+impl<P: Program + Send + 'static> IcedElement<P> {
+    pub fn push_render_elements<R>(
         &self,
         renderer: &mut R,
         location: Point<i32, Physical>,
         mut scale: Scale<f64>,
         alpha: f32,
-    ) -> Vec<C> {
+        mut radii: [u8; 4],
+        push_above: &mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>),
+        push_below: Option<&mut dyn FnMut(IcedRenderElement<R>)>,
+    ) where
+        R: AsGlowRenderer + ImportMem,
+        R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
+    {
         let mut internal = self.0.lock().unwrap();
         // makes partial borrows easier
         let internal_ref = &mut *internal;
@@ -1055,11 +1068,51 @@ where
                 Kind::Unspecified,
             ) {
                 Ok(buffer) => {
-                    return vec![C::from(buffer)];
+                    push_above(buffer.into());
                 }
                 Err(err) => tracing::warn!("What? {:?}", err),
             }
+
+            if internal_ref.theme.transparent {
+                for radius in radii.iter_mut() {
+                    *radius = ((*radius as f64) * internal_ref.additional_scale).round() as u8;
+                }
+
+                match BlurElement::from_state(
+                    renderer,
+                    &mut internal_ref.blur,
+                    Rectangle::new(
+                        location
+                            .to_f64()
+                            .to_logical(scale)
+                            .upscale(internal_ref.additional_scale),
+                        internal_ref
+                            .size
+                            .to_f64()
+                            .upscale(internal_ref.additional_scale)
+                            .to_i32_round(),
+                    ),
+                    scale.x,
+                    radii,
+                    (internal_ref.theme.cosmic().frosted as u8 + 1) as usize,
+                ) {
+                    Ok(Some(elem)) => {
+                        if let Some(push_below) = push_below {
+                            push_below(elem.into())
+                        } else {
+                            push_above(elem.into())
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Ok(None) => {}
+                    Err(err) => tracing::warn!("Blur elem error: {:?}", err),
+                }
+            }
         }
-        Vec::new()
     }
 }
+
+render_elements! {
+    pub IcedRenderElement<R> where R: ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer, R::TextureId: Send;
+    UI=MemoryRenderBufferRenderElement<R>,
+    Blur=BlurElement,
+}

src/utils/iced/state.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 use super::IcedProgram as Program;
-use cosmic::iced::core::event::{self, Event};
-use cosmic::iced::core::mouse;
-use cosmic::iced::core::renderer;
-use cosmic::iced::core::widget::operation::{self, Operation};
-use cosmic::iced::core::{Clipboard, Size};
-use cosmic::iced_core;
-use cosmic::iced_runtime::Task;
-use cosmic::iced_runtime::user_interface::{self, UserInterface};
+use cosmic::iced::{
+    core::{
+        self as iced_core, Clipboard, Size,
+        event::{self, Event},
+        mouse, renderer,
+        widget::operation::{self, Operation},
+    },
+    runtime::{
+        Task,
+        user_interface::{self, UserInterface},
+    },
+};
 
 /// The execution state of a [`Program`]. It leverages caching, event
 /// processing, and rendering primitive storage.
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ where
         messages.append(&mut self.queued_messages);
 
         let task = if messages.is_empty() {
-            if let cosmic::iced_runtime::user_interface::State::Updated {
+            if let cosmic::iced::runtime::user_interface::State::Updated {
                 mouse_interaction, ..
             } = state
             {
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ where
             let mut user_interface =
                 build_user_interface(id, &mut self.program, temp_cache, renderer, bounds);
 
-            if let cosmic::iced_runtime::user_interface::State::Updated {
+            if let cosmic::iced::runtime::user_interface::State::Updated {
                 mouse_interaction, ..
             } = state
             {

src/utils/screenshot.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use smithay::{
     backend::{
         allocator::Fourcc,
         renderer::{
-            ExportMem, ImportAll, Offscreen, Renderer,
-            damage::OutputDamageTracker,
-            element::{AsRenderElements, surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement},
+            ExportMem, ImportAll, Offscreen, Renderer, damage::OutputDamageTracker,
             gles::GlesRenderbuffer,
         },
     },
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ use smithay::{
 use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
-    backend::render::RendererRef,
+    backend::render::{RendererRef, element::AsGlowRenderer},
     shell::element::CosmicSurface,
     state::{State, advertised_node_for_surface},
 };
@@ -24,17 +22,24 @@ use crate::{
 pub fn screenshot_window(state: &mut State, surface: &CosmicSurface) {
     fn render_window<R>(renderer: &mut R, window: &CosmicSurface) -> anyhow::Result<()>
     where
-        R: Renderer + ImportAll + Offscreen<GlesRenderbuffer> + ExportMem,
-        R::TextureId: Clone + 'static,
+        R: Renderer + ImportAll + Offscreen<GlesRenderbuffer> + ExportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
+        R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
         R::Error: Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
         let bbox = bbox_from_surface_tree(&window.wl_surface().unwrap(), (0, 0));
-        let elements = AsRenderElements::<R>::render_elements::<WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>>(
-            window,
+        let mut elements = Vec::new();
+        window.push_render_elements(
             renderer,
             (-bbox.loc.x, -bbox.loc.y).into(),
             Scale::from(1.0),
             1.0,
+            None,
+            None,
+            false,
+            [0; 4],
+            0,
+            &mut |elem| elements.push(elem),
+            None,
         );
 
         // TODO: 10-bit

src/wayland/handlers/background_effect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use smithay::{
+    reexports::wayland_server::{DisplayHandle, protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface},
+    utils::{Logical, Rectangle},
+    wayland::{
+        background_effect::{Capability, ExtBackgroundEffectHandler},
+        compositor::{Cacheable, RectangleKind, RegionAttributes, with_states},
+    },
+};
+
+use crate::state::State;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct ComputedBlurRegionCachedState {
+    /// Region of the surface that will have its background blurred.
+    pub blur_region: Option<Vec<Rectangle<i32, Logical>>>,
+}
+
+impl Cacheable for ComputedBlurRegionCachedState {
+    fn commit(&mut self, _dh: &DisplayHandle) -> Self {
+        self.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn merge_into(self, into: &mut Self, _dh: &DisplayHandle) {
+        *into = self;
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExtBackgroundEffectHandler for State {
+    fn capabilities(&self) -> Capability {
+        Capability::Blur
+    }
+
+    fn set_blur_region(&mut self, surface: WlSurface, region: RegionAttributes) {
+        with_states(&surface, |states| {
+            let mut blur_state = states.cached_state.get::<ComputedBlurRegionCachedState>();
+
+            blur_state.pending().blur_region = Some({
+                let (added, subtracted) = region
+                    .rects
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+                    .partition::<Vec<_>, _>(|(op, _)| matches!(op, RectangleKind::Add));
+                let added = added.into_iter().map(|(_, rect)| rect).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                Rectangle::subtract_rects_many_in_place(
+                    added,
+                    subtracted.into_iter().map(|(_, rect)| rect),
+                )
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn unset_blur_region(&mut self, surface: WlSurface) {
+        with_states(&surface, |states| {
+            let mut blur_state = states.cached_state.get::<ComputedBlurRegionCachedState>();
+
+            blur_state.pending().blur_region.take();
+        })
+    }
+}

src/wayland/handlers/compositor.rs

@@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ impl CompositorHandler for State {
                         .then(|| state.element())
                 });
             if let Some(window) = moved_window {
-                if window.is_stack() {
-                    let stack = window.stack_ref().unwrap();
+                if let Some(stack) = window.stack_ref() {
                     if let Some(i) = stack.surfaces().position(|s| {
                         s.wl_surface()
                             .as_deref()

src/wayland/handlers/corner_radius.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-use cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1;
+use smithay::utils::{Logical, Rectangle, Size};
+use smithay::wayland::compositor::SurfaceData;
 
 use crate::wayland::protocols::corner_radius::{
-    CornerRadiusData, CornerRadiusHandler, CornerRadiusState, delegate_corner_radius,
+    CacheableCorners, CacheablePadding, CornerRadiusData, CornerRadiusHandler, CornerRadiusState,
+    delegate_corner_radius,
 };
 
 use crate::state::State;
@@ -11,39 +13,63 @@ impl CornerRadiusHandler for State {
         &mut self.common.corner_radius_state
     }
 
-    fn set_corner_radius(
-        &mut self,
-        _: &cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1,
-        data: &CornerRadiusData,
-    ) {
-        if force_redraw(self, data).is_none() {
-            tracing::warn!("Failed to force redraw for corner radius change.");
-        }
-    }
+    fn set_corner_radius(&mut self, _data: &CornerRadiusData) {}
 
-    fn unset_corner_radius(
-        &mut self,
-        _: &cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1,
-        data: &CornerRadiusData,
-    ) {
-        if force_redraw(self, data).is_none() {
-            tracing::warn!("Failed to force redraw for corner radius reset.");
-        }
-    }
+    fn unset_corner_radius(&mut self, _data: &CornerRadiusData) {}
+
+    fn set_padding(&mut self, _data: &CornerRadiusData) {}
+
+    fn unset_padding(&mut self, _data: &CornerRadiusData) {}
 }
 
-fn force_redraw(state: &mut State, data: &CornerRadiusData) -> Option<()> {
-    let guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+pub fn surface_corners(states: &SurfaceData, size: Size<i32, Logical>) -> Option<[u8; 4]> {
+    let mut guard = states.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
 
-    let toplevel = guard.toplevel.upgrade().ok()?;
+    // guard against corner radius being too large, potentially disconnecting the outline
+    let half_min_dim = u8::try_from(size.w.min(size.h) / 2).unwrap_or(u8::MAX);
+    let corners = guard.current().0?;
 
-    let surface = state.common.xdg_shell_state.get_toplevel(&toplevel)?;
+    Some([
+        u8::try_from(corners.top_left)
+            .unwrap_or(u8::MAX)
+            .min(half_min_dim),
+        u8::try_from(corners.top_right)
+            .unwrap_or(u8::MAX)
+            .min(half_min_dim),
+        u8::try_from(corners.bottom_right)
+            .unwrap_or(u8::MAX)
+            .min(half_min_dim),
+        u8::try_from(corners.bottom_left)
+            .unwrap_or(u8::MAX)
+            .min(half_min_dim),
+    ])
+}
 
-    let guard = state.common.shell.read();
-    let output = guard.visible_output_for_surface(surface.wl_surface())?;
+pub fn surface_padding(states: &SurfaceData, size: Size<i32, Logical>) -> Option<[i32; 4]> {
+    let mut guard = states.cached_state.get::<CacheablePadding>();
 
-    state.backend.schedule_render(output);
-    Some(())
+    let padding = guard.current().0?;
+
+    // guard against padding being too large
+    Some([
+        padding.top.min(size.h / 2),
+        padding.right.min(size.w / 2),
+        padding.bottom.min(size.h / 2),
+        padding.left.min(size.w / 2),
+    ])
+}
+
+pub fn pad_rect(
+    mut rect: Rectangle<i32, Logical>,
+    padding: &[i32; 4],
+) -> Option<Rectangle<i32, Logical>> {
+    rect.size.h = rect.size.h.checked_sub(padding[0])?;
+    rect.loc.x += padding[3];
+    rect.size.w = rect.size.w.checked_sub(padding[1])?;
+    rect.size.h = rect.size.h.checked_sub(padding[2])?;
+    rect.size.w = rect.size.w.checked_sub(padding[3])?;
+    rect.loc.y += padding[0];
+    Some(rect)
 }
 
 delegate_corner_radius!(State);

src/wayland/handlers/image_copy_capture/mod.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use smithay::{
         },
     },
     desktop::space::SpaceElement,
+    input::{Seat, pointer::PointerHandle},
     output::Output,
     reexports::wayland_server::protocol::{wl_pointer::WlPointer, wl_shm::Format as ShmFormat},
     utils::{Buffer as BufferCoords, Point, Size, Transform},
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ use smithay::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    shell::CosmicSurface,
+    shell::{CosmicSurface, CursorGeometry, Shell},
     state::{BackendData, State},
     utils::prelude::{
         OutputExt, PointExt, PointGlobalExt, PointLocalExt, RectExt, RectLocalExt, SeatExt,
@@ -44,6 +45,36 @@ pub use self::render::*;
 use self::user_data::*;
 pub use self::user_data::{FrameHolder, ImageCopySessions, SessionData, SessionHolder};
 
+fn default_cursor_size() -> Size<i32, BufferCoords> {
+    Size::new(64, 64)
+}
+
+fn seat_for_wl_pointer<'a>(shell: &'a Shell, pointer: &WlPointer) -> Option<&'a Seat<State>> {
+    let pointer_handle = PointerHandle::<State>::from_resource(pointer)?;
+    shell
+        .seats
+        .iter()
+        .find(|seat| seat.get_pointer().is_some_and(|p| p == pointer_handle))
+}
+
+pub fn cursor_capture_constraints(cursor_geometry: Option<CursorGeometry>) -> BufferConstraints {
+    let size = if let Some(cursor_geometry) = cursor_geometry {
+        let mut size = cursor_geometry.geometry.size;
+        // Client shouldn't try to allocate 0x0 buffer
+        if size == Size::new(0, 0) {
+            size = Size::new(1, 1);
+        }
+        size
+    } else {
+        default_cursor_size()
+    };
+    BufferConstraints {
+        size,
+        shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
+        dma: None,
+    }
+}
+
 impl ImageCopyCaptureHandler for State {
     fn image_copy_capture_state(&mut self) -> &mut ImageCopyCaptureState {
         &mut self.common.image_copy_capture_state
@@ -73,26 +104,12 @@ impl ImageCopyCaptureHandler for State {
     fn cursor_capture_constraints(
         &mut self,
         _source: &ImageCaptureSource,
-        _pointer: &WlPointer,
+        pointer: &WlPointer,
     ) -> Option<BufferConstraints> {
-        let size = if let Some((geometry, _)) = self
-            .common
-            .shell
-            .read()
-            .seats
-            .last_active()
-            .cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), self.common.clock.now())
-        {
-            geometry.size
-        } else {
-            Size::from((64, 64))
-        };
-
-        Some(BufferConstraints {
-            size,
-            shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
-            dma: None,
-        })
+        let shell = self.common.shell.read();
+        let seat = seat_for_wl_pointer(&shell, pointer)?;
+        let cursor_geometry = seat.cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), self.common.clock.now());
+        Some(cursor_capture_constraints(cursor_geometry))
     }
 
     fn new_session(&mut self, session: Session) {
@@ -149,20 +166,23 @@ impl ImageCopyCaptureHandler for State {
 
     fn new_cursor_session(&mut self, session: CursorSession) {
         let (pointer_loc, pointer_size, hotspot) = {
-            let seat = self.common.shell.read().seats.last_active().clone();
+            let shell = self.common.shell.read();
+            if let Some(seat) = seat_for_wl_pointer(&shell, &session.pointer()) {
+                let pointer = seat.get_pointer().unwrap();
+                let pointer_loc = pointer.current_location().to_i32_round().as_global();
 
-            let pointer = seat.get_pointer().unwrap();
-            let pointer_loc = pointer.current_location().to_i32_round().as_global();
+                let (pointer_size, hotspot) = if let Some(CursorGeometry { geometry, hotspot }) =
+                    seat.cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), self.common.clock.now())
+                {
+                    (geometry.size, hotspot)
+                } else {
+                    (default_cursor_size(), Point::from((0, 0)))
+                };
 
-            let (pointer_size, hotspot) = if let Some((geometry, hotspot)) =
-                seat.cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), self.common.clock.now())
-            {
-                (geometry.size, hotspot)
+                (pointer_loc, pointer_size, hotspot)
             } else {
-                (Size::from((64, 64)), Point::from((0, 0)))
-            };
-
-            (pointer_loc, pointer_size, hotspot)
+                (Point::new(0, 0), default_cursor_size(), Point::from((0, 0)))
+            }
         };
 
         session.user_data().insert_if_missing_threadsafe(|| {
@@ -299,8 +319,11 @@ impl ImageCopyCaptureHandler for State {
             return;
         }
 
-        let seat = self.common.shell.read().seats.last_active().clone();
-        render_cursor_to_buffer(self, session, frame, &seat);
+        let shell = self.common.shell.read();
+        if let Some(seat) = seat_for_wl_pointer(&shell, &session.pointer()).cloned() {
+            drop(shell);
+            render_cursor_to_buffer(self, session, frame, &seat);
+        }
     }
 
     fn frame_aborted(&mut self, frame: FrameRef) {

src/wayland/handlers/image_copy_capture/render.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use smithay::{
             buffer_dimensions, buffer_type,
             damage::{Error as DTError, OutputDamageTracker, RenderOutputResult},
             element::{
-                AsRenderElements, RenderElement,
-                surface::WaylandSurfaceRenderElement,
+                RenderElement, UnderlyingStorage,
                 utils::{Relocate, RelocateRenderElement},
             },
             gles::{GlesError, GlesRenderbuffer},
@@ -21,16 +20,14 @@ use smithay::{
     desktop::space::SpaceElement,
     input::Seat,
     output::{Output, OutputNoMode},
-    reexports::wayland_server::protocol::{wl_buffer::WlBuffer, wl_shm::Format as ShmFormat},
+    reexports::wayland_server::protocol::wl_buffer::WlBuffer,
     utils::{
         Buffer as BufferCoords, IsAlive, Logical, Physical, Point, Rectangle, Scale, Size,
         Transform,
     },
     wayland::{
         dmabuf::get_dmabuf,
-        image_copy_capture::{
-            BufferConstraints, CaptureFailureReason, CursorSessionRef, Frame, SessionRef,
-        },
+        image_copy_capture::{CaptureFailureReason, CursorSessionRef, Frame, SessionRef},
         seat::WaylandFocus,
         shm::{shm_format_to_fourcc, with_buffer_contents, with_buffer_contents_mut},
     },
@@ -40,9 +37,11 @@ use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::{
     backend::render::{
-        CursorMode, ElementFilter, RendererRef, cursor,
-        element::{AsGlowRenderer, CosmicElement, DamageElement, FromGlesError},
+        CursorMode, ElementFilter, RendererRef,
+        cursor::{self, CursorRenderElement},
+        element::{AsGlowRenderer, CosmicElement, DamageElement},
         render_workspace,
+        wayland::SurfaceRenderElement,
     },
     shell::{CosmicMappedRenderElement, CosmicSurface, WorkspaceRenderElement},
     state::{Common, KmsNodes, State},
@@ -55,12 +54,34 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-use super::{super::data_device::get_dnd_icon, user_data::SessionHolder};
+use super::{
+    super::data_device::get_dnd_icon, cursor_capture_constraints, user_data::SessionHolder,
+};
+
+pub fn render_element_buffers<R, E>(
+    renderer: &mut R,
+    elements: &[E],
+) -> Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>
+where
+    R: AsGlowRenderer,
+    E: RenderElement<R>,
+{
+    elements
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|elem| match elem.underlying_storage(renderer) {
+            Some(UnderlyingStorage::Wayland(buffer)) => Some(buffer.clone()),
+            Some(UnderlyingStorage::Memory(_)) | None => None,
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
 
 pub struct PendingImageCopyData {
     pub frame: Frame,
     pub damage: Vec<smithay::utils::Rectangle<i32, BufferCoords>>,
     pub sync: SyncPoint,
+    // Hold reference so `wl_buffer` isn't released and sync point isn't signaled
+    // until image copy completes.
+    _buffers: Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
 }
 
 impl PendingImageCopyData {
@@ -103,10 +124,10 @@ pub fn submit_buffer<R>(
     transform: Transform,
     damage: Option<&[Rectangle<i32, Physical>]>,
     mut sync: SyncPoint,
+    buffers: Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
 ) -> Result<Option<PendingImageCopyData>, R::Error>
 where
-    R: ExportMem,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
+    R: ExportMem + AsGlowRenderer,
 {
     let Some(damage) = damage else {
         frame.success(
@@ -164,7 +185,7 @@ where
 
             Ok(())
         })
-        .map_err(|err| R::Error::from_gles_error(GlesError::BufferAccessError(err)))
+        .map_err(|err| R::from_gles_error(GlesError::BufferAccessError(err)))
         .and_then(|x| x)
         {
             frame.fail(CaptureFailureReason::Unknown);
@@ -182,6 +203,7 @@ where
             })
             .collect(),
         sync,
+        _buffers: buffers,
     }))
 }
 
@@ -194,7 +216,6 @@ pub fn render_session<F, R>(
 ) -> Result<Option<PendingImageCopyData>, DTError<R::Error>>
 where
     R: AsGlowRenderer,
-    R::Error: FromGlesError,
     F: for<'d> FnOnce(
         &WlBuffer,
         &mut R,
@@ -202,7 +223,13 @@ where
         &'d mut OutputDamageTracker,
         usize,
         Vec<Rectangle<i32, BufferCoords>>,
-    ) -> Result<RenderOutputResult<'d>, DTError<R::Error>>,
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            RenderOutputResult<'d>,
+            Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
+        ),
+        DTError<R::Error>,
+    >,
 {
     let mut session_user_data = session.lock().unwrap();
 
@@ -246,30 +273,25 @@ where
         .as_mut()
         .map(|(_, tex)| renderer.bind(tex).map_err(DTError::Rendering))
         .transpose()?;
-    let res = render_fn(
+    let (result, buffers) = render_fn(
         &frame.buffer(),
         renderer,
         fb.as_mut(),
         dt,
         age,
         frame.damage(),
-    );
+    )?;
 
-    match res {
-        Ok(result) => submit_buffer(
-            frame,
-            renderer,
-            fb.as_mut(),
-            transform,
-            result.damage.map(|x| x.as_slice()),
-            result.sync,
-        )
-        .map_err(DTError::Rendering),
-        Err(err) => {
-            frame.fail(CaptureFailureReason::Unknown);
-            Err(err)
-        }
-    }
+    submit_buffer(
+        frame,
+        renderer,
+        fb.as_mut(),
+        transform,
+        result.damage.map(|x| x.as_slice()),
+        result.sync,
+        buffers,
+    )
+    .map_err(DTError::Rendering)
 }
 
 pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
@@ -317,11 +339,16 @@ pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
         common: &mut Common,
         output: &Output,
         handle: (WorkspaceHandle, usize),
-    ) -> Result<RenderOutputResult<'d>, DTError<R::Error>>
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            RenderOutputResult<'d>,
+            Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
+        ),
+        DTError<R::Error>,
+    >
     where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        R::Error: FromGlesError,
         CosmicElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         WorkspaceRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
@@ -358,7 +385,7 @@ pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
                 .collect()
         });
 
-        if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
+        let (res, elements) = if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
             let mut dmabuf = dmabuf.clone();
             let mut fb = renderer.bind(&mut dmabuf).map_err(DTError::Rendering)?;
             render_workspace(
@@ -376,8 +403,7 @@ pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
                 handle,
                 cursor_mode,
                 ElementFilter::ExcludeWorkspaceOverview,
-            )
-            .map(|res| res.0)
+            )?
         } else {
             let target = offscreen.expect("shm buffers should have an offscreen target");
             render_workspace(
@@ -395,9 +421,12 @@ pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
                 handle,
                 cursor_mode,
                 ElementFilter::ExcludeWorkspaceOverview,
-            )
-            .map(|res| res.0)
-        }
+            )?
+        };
+
+        let buffers = render_element_buffers(renderer, &elements);
+
+        Ok((res, buffers))
     }
 
     let draw_cursor = session.draw_cursor();
@@ -504,9 +533,10 @@ pub fn render_workspace_to_buffer(
 }
 
 smithay::render_elements! {
-    pub WindowCaptureElement<R> where R: ImportAll + ImportMem;
-    WaylandElement=WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<R>,
+    pub WindowCaptureElement<R> where R: ImportAll + ImportMem + AsGlowRenderer, R::TextureId: Send;
+    WaylandElement=SurfaceRenderElement<R>,
     CursorElement=RelocateRenderElement<cursor::CursorRenderElement<R>>,
+    DamageElement=DamageElement,
 }
 
 pub fn render_window_to_buffer(
@@ -550,15 +580,20 @@ pub fn render_window_to_buffer(
         common: &mut Common,
         toplevel: &CosmicSurface,
         geometry: Rectangle<i32, Logical>,
-    ) -> Result<RenderOutputResult<'d>, DTError<R::Error>>
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            RenderOutputResult<'d>,
+            Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
+        ),
+        DTError<R::Error>,
+    >
     where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        R::Error: FromGlesError,
         CosmicElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     {
-        let additional_damage_elements: Vec<_> = additional_damage
+        let mut elements: Vec<_> = additional_damage
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|rect| {
                 let logical_rect = rect.to_logical(
@@ -569,15 +604,21 @@ pub fn render_window_to_buffer(
                 logical_rect.intersection(Rectangle::from_size(geometry.size))
             })
             .map(DamageElement::new)
+            .map(WindowCaptureElement::<R>::from)
             .collect();
-        dt.damage_output(age, &additional_damage_elements)?;
 
         let shell = common.shell.read();
+        let blur_strength = 9; // TODO
         let seat = shell.seats.last_active().clone();
         let pointer = seat.get_pointer().unwrap();
         let pointer_loc = pointer.current_location().to_i32_round().as_global();
         let mut location = None;
         if let Some(element) = shell.element_for_surface(toplevel)
+            && pointer
+                .current_focus()
+                .and_then(|f| f.toplevel(&shell))
+                .as_ref()
+                == Some(toplevel)
             && element.has_active_window(toplevel)
             && let Some(workspace) = shell.space_for(element)
             && let Some(geometry) = workspace.element_geometry(element)
@@ -591,67 +632,80 @@ pub fn render_window_to_buffer(
         };
         std::mem::drop(shell);
 
-        let mut elements = Vec::new();
-
         if let Some(location) = location {
             if draw_cursor {
-                elements.extend(
-                    cursor::draw_cursor(
-                        renderer,
-                        &seat,
-                        location,
-                        1.0.into(),
-                        1.0,
-                        common.clock.now(),
-                        true,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(elem, hotspot)| {
-                        WindowCaptureElement::CursorElement(RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
-                            elem,
-                            Point::from((-hotspot.x, -hotspot.y)),
-                            Relocate::Relative,
-                        ))
-                    }),
+                cursor::draw_cursor(
+                    renderer,
+                    &seat,
+                    location,
+                    1.0.into(),
+                    1.0,
+                    common.clock.now(),
+                    blur_strength,
+                    true,
+                    &mut |elem, hotspot| {
+                        elements.push(WindowCaptureElement::CursorElement(
+                            RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                elem,
+                                Point::from((-hotspot.x, -hotspot.y)),
+                                Relocate::Relative,
+                            ),
+                        ));
+                    },
                 );
             }
 
             // TODO cosmic-workspaces wants to omit, but metadata cursor capture in portal should
             // still include dnd surface in window capture buffer?
             if draw_cursor && let Some(dnd_icon) = get_dnd_icon(&seat) {
-                elements.extend(
-                    cursor::draw_dnd_icon(
-                        renderer,
-                        &dnd_icon.surface,
-                        (location + dnd_icon.offset.to_f64()).to_i32_round(),
-                        1.0,
-                    )
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(WindowCaptureElement::from),
+                cursor::draw_dnd_icon(
+                    renderer,
+                    &dnd_icon.surface,
+                    (location + dnd_icon.offset.to_f64()).to_i32_round(),
+                    1.0,
+                    blur_strength,
+                    &mut |elem| {
+                        elements.push(
+                            RelocateRenderElement::from_element(
+                                CursorRenderElement::Surface(elem),
+                                Point::new(0, 0),
+                                Relocate::Relative,
+                            )
+                            .into(),
+                        )
+                    },
                 );
             }
         }
 
-        elements.extend(AsRenderElements::<R>::render_elements::<
-            WindowCaptureElement<R>,
-        >(
-            toplevel,
+        toplevel.push_render_elements(
             renderer,
             (-geometry.loc.x, -geometry.loc.y).into(),
             Scale::from(1.0),
             1.0,
-        ));
+            None,
+            None,
+            false,
+            [0; 4],
+            blur_strength,
+            &mut |elem| elements.push(elem.into()),
+            None,
+        );
 
-        if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
+        let res = if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
             let mut dmabuf_clone = dmabuf.clone();
             let mut fb = renderer
                 .bind(&mut dmabuf_clone)
                 .map_err(DTError::Rendering)?;
-            dt.render_output(renderer, &mut fb, age, &elements, Color32F::TRANSPARENT)
+            dt.render_output(renderer, &mut fb, age, &elements, Color32F::TRANSPARENT)?
         } else {
             let fb = offscreen.expect("shm buffer should have an offscreen target");
-            dt.render_output(renderer, fb, age, &elements, Color32F::TRANSPARENT)
-        }
+            dt.render_output(renderer, fb, age, &elements, Color32F::TRANSPARENT)?
+        };
+
+        let buffers = render_element_buffers(renderer, &elements);
+
+        Ok((res, buffers))
     }
 
     let common = &mut state.common;
@@ -753,25 +807,17 @@ pub fn render_cursor_to_buffer(
     seat: &Seat<State>,
 ) {
     let buffer = frame.buffer();
-    let mut cursor_size = seat
-        .cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), state.common.clock.now())
-        .map(|(geo, _hotspot)| geo.size)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| Size::from((64, 64)));
+    let cursor_geometry = seat.cursor_geometry((0.0, 0.0), state.common.clock.now());
+    let constraints = cursor_capture_constraints(cursor_geometry);
     let buffer_size = buffer_dimensions(&buffer).unwrap();
-    // Client shouldn't try to allocate 0x0 buffer
-    if cursor_size == Size::new(0, 0) {
-        cursor_size = Size::new(1, 1);
-    }
-    if buffer_size != cursor_size {
-        let constraints = BufferConstraints {
-            size: cursor_size,
-            shm: vec![ShmFormat::Argb8888],
-            dma: None,
-        };
-        session.update_constraints(constraints);
+    if buffer_size != constraints.size {
+        session.update_constraints(constraints.clone());
         if let Some(data) = session.user_data().get::<SessionData>() {
             *data.lock().unwrap() = SessionUserData::new(OutputDamageTracker::new(
-                cursor_size.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal).to_physical(1),
+                constraints
+                    .size
+                    .to_logical(1, Transform::Normal)
+                    .to_physical(1),
                 1.0,
                 Transform::Normal,
             ));
@@ -789,48 +835,59 @@ pub fn render_cursor_to_buffer(
         additional_damage: Vec<Rectangle<i32, BufferCoords>>,
         common: &mut Common,
         seat: &Seat<State>,
-    ) -> Result<RenderOutputResult<'d>, DTError<R::Error>>
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            RenderOutputResult<'d>,
+            Vec<smithay::backend::renderer::utils::Buffer>,
+        ),
+        DTError<R::Error>,
+    >
     where
         R: AsGlowRenderer,
         R::TextureId: Send + Clone + 'static,
-        R::Error: FromGlesError,
         CosmicElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
         CosmicMappedRenderElement<R>: RenderElement<R>,
     {
-        let additional_damage_elements: Vec<_> = additional_damage
+        let mut elements: Vec<_> = additional_damage
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|rect| {
                 let logical_rect = rect.to_logical(1, Transform::Normal, &Size::from((64, 64)));
                 logical_rect.intersection(Rectangle::from_size((64, 64).into()))
             })
             .map(DamageElement::new)
+            .map(WindowCaptureElement::from)
             .collect();
-        dt.damage_output(age, &additional_damage_elements)?;
 
-        let elements = cursor::draw_cursor(
+        cursor::draw_cursor(
             renderer,
             seat,
             Point::from((0.0, 0.0)),
             1.0.into(),
             1.0,
             common.clock.now(),
+            0,
             true,
-        )
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(elem, _)| RelocateRenderElement::from_element(elem, (0, 0), Relocate::Relative))
-        .map(WindowCaptureElement::from)
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            &mut |elem, _| {
+                elements.push(
+                    RelocateRenderElement::from_element(elem, (0, 0), Relocate::Relative).into(),
+                )
+            },
+        );
 
-        if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
+        let res = if let Ok(dmabuf) = get_dmabuf(buffer) {
             let mut dmabuf_clone = dmabuf.clone();
             let mut fb = renderer
                 .bind(&mut dmabuf_clone)
                 .map_err(DTError::Rendering)?;
-            dt.render_output(renderer, &mut fb, age, &elements, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+            dt.render_output(renderer, &mut fb, age, &elements, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])?
         } else {
             let fb = offscreen.expect("shm buffers should have offscreen target");
-            dt.render_output(renderer, fb, age, &elements, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
-        }
+            dt.render_output(renderer, fb, age, &elements, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])?
+        };
+
+        let buffers = render_element_buffers(renderer, &elements);
+
+        Ok((res, buffers))
     }
 
     let common = &mut state.common;

src/wayland/handlers/keyboard_layout.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+use crate::state::State;
+use crate::wayland::protocols::keyboard_layout::{KeyboardLayoutHandler, KeyboardLayoutState};
+
+impl KeyboardLayoutHandler for State {
+    fn keyboard_layout_state(&mut self) -> &mut KeyboardLayoutState {
+        &mut self.common.keyboard_layout_state
+    }
+}

src/wayland/handlers/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
 
 pub mod a11y;
+pub mod background_effect;
 pub mod buffer;
 pub mod compositor;
 pub mod corner_radius;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ pub mod idle_notify;
 pub mod image_capture_source;
 pub mod image_copy_capture;
 pub mod input_method;
+pub mod keyboard_layout;
 pub mod keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit;
 pub mod layer_shell;
 pub mod output;

src/wayland/handlers/pointer_constraints.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl PointerConstraintsHandler for State {
                     if let Some(region) = constraint.region() {
                         if let Some(surface_location) = surface_location
                             && let position = pointer.current_location()
-                            && let point = (position - surface_location.as_logical()).to_i32_round()
+                            && let point = (position - surface_location.as_logical()).to_i32_floor()
                             && region.contains(point)
                         {
                             constraint.activate();

src/wayland/handlers/xdg_shell/mod.rs

@@ -317,8 +317,45 @@ impl XdgShellHandler for State {
     }
 
     fn toplevel_destroyed(&mut self, surface: ToplevelSurface) {
+        for (popup, _) in smithay::desktop::PopupManager::popups_for_surface(surface.wl_surface()) {
+            if let smithay::desktop::PopupKind::Xdg(ref xdg_popup) = popup {
+                xdg_popup.send_popup_done();
+            }
+        }
+
         let (output, clients) = {
             let mut shell = self.common.shell.write();
+
+            for seat in shell.seats.iter() {
+                if let Some(data) = seat.user_data().get::<PopupGrabData>() {
+                    let mut should_ungrab = false;
+                    let grab = data.take();
+                    if let Some(ref grab) = grab {
+                        if grab.has_ended() {
+                            should_ungrab = true;
+                        } else if let Some(target) = grab.current_grab() {
+                            if let Some(wl_surface) = target.wl_surface() {
+                                if wl_surface.as_ref() == surface.wl_surface()
+                                    || smithay::desktop::PopupManager::popups_for_surface(
+                                        surface.wl_surface(),
+                                    )
+                                    .any(|(p, _)| p.wl_surface() == wl_surface.as_ref())
+                                {
+                                    should_ungrab = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if should_ungrab {
+                        if let Some(mut grab) = grab {
+                            grab.ungrab(PopupUngrabStrategy::All);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        data.set(grab);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             let seat = shell.seats.last_active().clone();
 
             // Clean up pending_windows for surfaces that were never mapped.

src/wayland/protocols/corner_radius.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
+use cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::{
+    self, CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1,
+};
 use cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1;
 use cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::{
     cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1, cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1,
 };
-use smithay::utils::HookId;
+use smithay::desktop::utils::bbox_from_surface_tree;
+use smithay::reexports::wayland_protocols::xdg::shell::server::xdg_popup::XdgPopup;
+use smithay::reexports::wayland_protocols_wlr::layer_shell::v1::server::zwlr_layer_surface_v1::ZwlrLayerSurfaceV1;
+use smithay::reexports::wayland_server::New;
+use smithay::reexports::wayland_server::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface;
+use smithay::utils::{HookId, Logical, Point, Rectangle};
 use smithay::wayland::compositor::Cacheable;
 use smithay::wayland::compositor::add_pre_commit_hook;
 use smithay::wayland::compositor::with_states;
-use smithay::wayland::shell::xdg::SurfaceCachedState;
+use smithay::wayland::shell::wlr_layer::WlrLayerShellHandler;
+use smithay::wayland::shell::xdg::{SurfaceCachedState, XdgShellSurfaceUserData};
 use smithay::{
     reexports::{
         wayland_protocols::xdg::shell::server::xdg_toplevel::XdgToplevel,
@@ -18,6 +27,7 @@ use std::sync::Mutex;
 use wayland_backend::server::GlobalId;
 
 type ToplevelHookId = Mutex<Option<(HookId, Weak<CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1>)>>;
+type LayerHookId = Mutex<Option<(HookId, Weak<CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1>)>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CornerRadiusState {
@@ -33,12 +43,13 @@ impl CornerRadiusState {
             + Dispatch<
                 cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1,
                 CornerRadiusData,
-            > + CornerRadiusHandler
+            > + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1, CornerRadiusData>
+            + CornerRadiusHandler
             + 'static,
     {
         let global = dh
             .create_global::<D, cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, _>(
-                1,
+                2,
                 (),
             );
         CornerRadiusState {
@@ -52,18 +63,12 @@ impl CornerRadiusState {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait CornerRadiusHandler: XdgShellHandler {
+pub trait CornerRadiusHandler: XdgShellHandler + WlrLayerShellHandler {
     fn corner_radius_state(&mut self) -> &mut CornerRadiusState;
-    fn set_corner_radius(
-        &mut self,
-        toplevel: &cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1,
-        data: &CornerRadiusData,
-    );
-    fn unset_corner_radius(
-        &mut self,
-        toplevel: &cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1,
-        data: &CornerRadiusData,
-    );
+    fn set_corner_radius(&mut self, data: &CornerRadiusData);
+    fn unset_corner_radius(&mut self, data: &CornerRadiusData);
+    fn set_padding(&mut self, data: &CornerRadiusData);
+    fn unset_padding(&mut self, data: &CornerRadiusData);
 }
 
 impl<D> GlobalDispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, (), D>
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ where
     D: GlobalDispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
         + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
         + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1, CornerRadiusData>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1, CornerRadiusData>
         + CornerRadiusHandler
         + 'static,
 {
@@ -96,6 +102,7 @@ where
     D: GlobalDispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
         + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
         + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1, CornerRadiusData>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1, CornerRadiusData>
         + CornerRadiusHandler
         + 'static,
 {
@@ -115,6 +122,71 @@ where
             }
             cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Request::GetCornerRadius { id, toplevel } => {
                 if let Some(surface) = state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel) {
+                    new_xdg(
+                        surface.wl_surface(),
+                        CornerRadiusSurface::Toplevel(surface.xdg_toplevel().downgrade()),
+                        resource,
+                        data_init,
+                        id,
+                    )
+                } // TODO: can this fail?
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Request::GetCornerRadiusSurface { id, surface } => {
+                if let Some(toplevel) =
+                    state
+                        .xdg_shell_state()
+                        .toplevel_surfaces()
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|toplevel| {
+                            toplevel
+                                .xdg_toplevel()
+                                .data::<XdgShellSurfaceUserData>()
+                                .unwrap()
+                                .xdg_surface()
+                                == &surface
+                        })
+                {
+                    new_xdg(
+                        toplevel.wl_surface(),
+                        CornerRadiusSurface::Toplevel(toplevel.xdg_toplevel().downgrade()),
+                        resource,
+                        data_init,
+                        id,
+                    )
+                } else if let Some(popup) =
+                    state
+                        .xdg_shell_state()
+                        .popup_surfaces()
+                        .iter()
+                        .find(|popup| {
+                            popup
+                                .xdg_popup()
+                                .data::<XdgShellSurfaceUserData>()
+                                .unwrap()
+                                .xdg_surface()
+                                == &surface
+                        })
+                {
+                    new_xdg(
+                        popup.wl_surface(),
+                        CornerRadiusSurface::Popup(popup.xdg_popup().downgrade()),
+                        resource,
+                        data_init,
+                        id,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Error::NoRole as u32,
+                        "xdg_surface has no known role object".to_string(),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Request::GetCornerRadiusLayer { id, layer } => {
+                if let Some(surface) = state
+                    .shell_state()
+                    .layer_surfaces()
+                    .find(|surface| surface.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                {
                     let radius_exists = with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |surface_data| {
                         let hook_id = surface_data
                             .data_map
@@ -124,63 +196,33 @@ where
                     });
                     if radius_exists.unwrap_or_default() {
                         resource.post_error(
-                            cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Error::CornerRadiusExists as u32,
-                            format!("{resource:?} CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1 object already exists for the surface"),
-                        );
+                                cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Error::CornerRadiusExists as u32,
+                                format!(
+                                    "{resource:?} CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1 object already exists for the surface"
+                                ),
+                            );
                     }
                     let data = Mutex::new(CornerRadiusInternal {
-                        toplevel: toplevel.downgrade(),
+                        surface: CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer.downgrade()),
                         corners: None,
+                        padding: None,
                     });
                     let obj = data_init.init(id, data);
                     let obj_downgrade = obj.downgrade();
 
                     let needs_hook = radius_exists.is_none();
                     if needs_hook {
-                        let hook_id = add_pre_commit_hook::<D, _>(
-                            surface.wl_surface(),
-                            move |_, _dh, surface| {
-                                let corner_radii_too_big = with_states(surface, |surface_data| {
-                                    let corners = *surface_data
-                                        .cached_state
-                                        .get::<CacheableCorners>()
-                                        .pending();
-                                    surface_data
-                                        .cached_state
-                                        .get::<SurfaceCachedState>()
-                                        .pending()
-                                        .geometry
-                                        .zip(corners.0.as_ref())
-                                        .is_some_and(|(geo, corners)| {
-                                            let half_min_dim =
-                                                u8::try_from(geo.size.w.min(geo.size.h) / 2)
-                                                    .unwrap_or(u8::MAX);
-                                            corners.top_right > half_min_dim
-                                                || corners.top_left > half_min_dim
-                                                || corners.bottom_right > half_min_dim
-                                                || corners.bottom_left > half_min_dim
-                                        })
-                                });
-
-                                if corner_radii_too_big {
-                                    obj.post_error(
-                                        cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Error::RadiusTooLarge
-                                            as u32,
-                                        format!("{obj:?} corner radius too large"),
-                                    );
-                                }
-                            },
-                        );
-
+                        let hook_id =
+                            add_pre_commit_hook::<D, _>(surface.wl_surface(), layer_radius_hook);
                         with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |surface_data| {
                             let hook_ids = surface_data
                                 .data_map
-                                .get_or_insert_threadsafe(|| ToplevelHookId::new(None));
+                                .get_or_insert_threadsafe(|| LayerHookId::new(None));
                             let mut guard = hook_ids.lock().unwrap();
                             *guard = Some((hook_id, obj_downgrade));
                         });
                     }
-                }
+                } // TODO: can this fail?
             }
             _ => unimplemented!(),
         }
@@ -197,6 +239,55 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+fn new_xdg<D>(
+    wl_surface: &WlSurface,
+    surface: CornerRadiusSurface,
+    resource: &cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1,
+    data_init: &mut smithay::reexports::wayland_server::DataInit<'_, D>,
+    id: New<cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1>,
+) where
+    D: GlobalDispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1, CornerRadiusData>
+        + CornerRadiusHandler
+        + 'static,
+{
+    let radius_exists = with_states(wl_surface, |surface_data| {
+        let hook_id = surface_data
+            .data_map
+            .get_or_insert_threadsafe(|| ToplevelHookId::new(None));
+        let guard = hook_id.lock().unwrap();
+        guard.as_ref().map(|(_, t)| t.upgrade().is_ok())
+    });
+    if radius_exists.unwrap_or_default() {
+        resource.post_error(
+            cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::Error::CornerRadiusExists as u32,
+            format!(
+                "{resource:?} CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1 object already exists for the surface"
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+    let data = Mutex::new(CornerRadiusInternal {
+        surface,
+        corners: None,
+        padding: None,
+    });
+    let obj = data_init.init(id, data);
+    let obj_downgrade = obj.downgrade();
+
+    let needs_hook = radius_exists.is_none();
+    if needs_hook {
+        let hook_id = add_pre_commit_hook::<D, _>(wl_surface, xdg_radius_hook);
+        with_states(wl_surface, |surface_data| {
+            let hook_ids = surface_data
+                .data_map
+                .get_or_insert_threadsafe(|| ToplevelHookId::new(None));
+            let mut guard = hook_ids.lock().unwrap();
+            *guard = Some((hook_id, obj_downgrade));
+        });
+    }
+}
+
 impl<D>
     Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1, CornerRadiusData, D>
     for CornerRadiusState
@@ -221,30 +312,35 @@ where
                 let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
                 guard.corners = None;
 
-                let Ok(toplevel) = guard.toplevel.upgrade() else {
+                let Some(wl_surface) = (match &guard.surface {
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Toplevel(toplevel) => toplevel
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|toplevel| state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel))
+                        .map(|toplevel| toplevel.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Popup(popup) => popup
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|popup| state.xdg_shell_state().get_popup(&popup))
+                        .map(|popup| popup.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(_) => unreachable!(),
+                }) else {
                     return;
                 };
 
-                if let Some(surface) = state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel) {
-                    with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |surface_data| {
-                        if let Some(hook_ids_mutex) = surface_data.data_map.get::<ToplevelHookId>()
-                        {
-                            let mut hook_id = hook_ids_mutex.lock().unwrap();
-                            *hook_id = None;
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
+                with_states(&wl_surface, |surface_data| {
+                    if let Some(hook_ids_mutex) = surface_data.data_map.get::<ToplevelHookId>() {
+                        let mut hook_id = hook_ids_mutex.lock().unwrap();
+                        *hook_id = None;
+                    }
 
-                if let Some(surface) = state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel) {
-                    with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
-                        let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
-                        let pending = cached.pending();
-                        *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
-                    });
-                }
+                    let mut cached = surface_data.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
+                });
                 drop(guard);
 
-                state.unset_corner_radius(resource, data);
+                state.unset_corner_radius(data);
             }
             cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Request::SetRadius {
                 top_left,
@@ -254,66 +350,388 @@ where
             } => {
                 let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
                 guard.set_corner_radius(top_left, top_right, bottom_right, bottom_left);
-                let Ok(toplevel) = guard.toplevel.upgrade() else {
+
+                let Some(wl_surface) = (match &guard.surface {
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Toplevel(toplevel) => toplevel
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|toplevel| state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel))
+                        .map(|toplevel| toplevel.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Popup(popup) => popup
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|popup| state.xdg_shell_state().get_popup(&popup))
+                        .map(|popup| popup.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(_) => unreachable!(),
+                }) else {
                     resource.post_error(
                         cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Error::ToplevelDestroyed as u32,
                         format!("{:?} No toplevel found", resource),
                     );
                     return;
                 };
-
-                if let Some(surface) = state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel) {
-                    with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
-                        let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
-                        let pending = cached.pending();
-                        *pending = CacheableCorners(guard.corners);
-                    });
-                }
+                with_states(&wl_surface, |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(guard.corners);
+                });
                 drop(guard);
 
-                state.set_corner_radius(resource, data);
+                state.set_corner_radius(data);
             }
             cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Request::UnsetRadius => {
                 let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
                 guard.corners = None;
-                let Ok(toplevel) = guard.toplevel.upgrade() else {
+
+                let Some(wl_surface) = (match &guard.surface {
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Toplevel(toplevel) => toplevel
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|toplevel| state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel))
+                        .map(|toplevel| toplevel.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Popup(popup) => popup
+                        .upgrade()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|popup| state.xdg_shell_state().get_popup(&popup))
+                        .map(|popup| popup.wl_surface().clone()),
+                    CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(_) => unreachable!(),
+                }) else {
                     resource.post_error(
                         cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Error::ToplevelDestroyed as u32,
                         format!("{:?} No toplevel found", resource),
                     );
+
                     return;
                 };
 
-                if let Some(surface) = state.xdg_shell_state().get_toplevel(&toplevel) {
-                    with_states(surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
-                        let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
-                        let pending = cached.pending();
-                        *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
-                    });
-                }
+                with_states(&wl_surface, |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
+                });
                 drop(guard);
 
-                state.unset_corner_radius(resource, data);
+                state.unset_corner_radius(data);
             }
             _ => unimplemented!(),
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl<D> Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1, CornerRadiusData, D>
+    for CornerRadiusState
+where
+    D: GlobalDispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_manager_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusManagerV1, ()>
+        + Dispatch<cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1, CornerRadiusData>
+        + CornerRadiusHandler
+        + 'static,
+{
+    fn request(
+        state: &mut D,
+        _client: &Client,
+        resource: &cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1,
+        request: <cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1 as Resource>::Request,
+        data: &CornerRadiusData,
+        _dhandle: &DisplayHandle,
+        _data_init: &mut smithay::reexports::wayland_server::DataInit<'_, D>,
+    ) {
+        match request {
+            cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Request::Destroy => {
+                let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.corners = None;
+
+                let CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer_surface) = &guard.surface else {
+                    unreachable!("corner_radius_layer without layer shell?");
+                };
+                let Some(layer_surface) = layer_surface.upgrade().ok().and_then(|layer| {
+                    state
+                        .shell_state()
+                        .layer_surfaces()
+                        .find(|s| s.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                }) else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::LayerDestroyed as u32,
+                        format!("{:?} No layer found", resource),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                with_states(layer_surface.wl_surface(), |surface_data| {
+                    if let Some(hook_ids_mutex) = surface_data.data_map.get::<LayerHookId>() {
+                        let mut hook_id = hook_ids_mutex.lock().unwrap();
+                        *hook_id = None;
+                    }
+
+                    let mut cached = surface_data.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
+
+                    let mut cached = surface_data.cached_state.get::<CacheablePadding>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheablePadding(None);
+                });
+                drop(guard);
+
+                state.unset_corner_radius(data);
+                state.unset_padding(data);
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Request::SetRadius {
+                top_left,
+                top_right,
+                bottom_right,
+                bottom_left,
+            } => {
+                let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.set_corner_radius(top_left, top_right, bottom_right, bottom_left);
+
+                let CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer_surface) = &guard.surface else {
+                    unreachable!("corner_radius_layer without layer shell?");
+                };
+                let Some(layer_surface) = layer_surface.upgrade().ok().and_then(|layer| {
+                    state
+                        .shell_state()
+                        .layer_surfaces()
+                        .find(|s| s.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                }) else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::LayerDestroyed as u32,
+                        format!("{:?} No layer found", resource),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                with_states(layer_surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(guard.corners);
+                });
+                drop(guard);
+
+                state.set_corner_radius(data);
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Request::UnsetRadius => {
+                let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.corners = None;
+
+                let CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer_surface) = &guard.surface else {
+                    unreachable!("corner_radius_layer without layer shell?");
+                };
+                let Some(layer_surface) = layer_surface.upgrade().ok().and_then(|layer| {
+                    state
+                        .shell_state()
+                        .layer_surfaces()
+                        .find(|s| s.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                }) else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::LayerDestroyed as u32,
+                        format!("{:?} No layer found", resource),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                with_states(layer_surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheableCorners>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheableCorners(None);
+                });
+                drop(guard);
+
+                state.unset_corner_radius(data);
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Request::SetPadding {
+                top,
+                right,
+                bottom,
+                left,
+            } => {
+                let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.set_padding(top, right, bottom, left);
+
+                let CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer_surface) = &guard.surface else {
+                    unreachable!("corner_radius_layer without layer shell?");
+                };
+                let Some(layer_surface) = layer_surface.upgrade().ok().and_then(|layer| {
+                    state
+                        .shell_state()
+                        .layer_surfaces()
+                        .find(|s| s.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                }) else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::LayerDestroyed as u32,
+                        format!("{:?} No layer found", resource),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                with_states(layer_surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheablePadding>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheablePadding(guard.padding);
+                });
+                drop(guard);
+
+                state.set_padding(data);
+            }
+            cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Request::UnsetPadding => {
+                let mut guard = data.lock().unwrap();
+                guard.corners = None;
+
+                let CornerRadiusSurface::Layer(layer_surface) = &guard.surface else {
+                    unreachable!("corner_radius_layer without layer shell?");
+                };
+                let Some(layer_surface) = layer_surface.upgrade().ok().and_then(|layer| {
+                    state
+                        .shell_state()
+                        .layer_surfaces()
+                        .find(|s| s.shell_surface() == &layer)
+                }) else {
+                    resource.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::LayerDestroyed as u32,
+                        format!("{:?} No layer found", resource),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                with_states(layer_surface.wl_surface(), |s| {
+                    let mut cached = s.cached_state.get::<CacheablePadding>();
+                    let pending = cached.pending();
+                    *pending = CacheablePadding(None);
+                });
+                drop(guard);
+
+                state.unset_padding(data);
+            }
+            _ => unimplemented!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn xdg_radius_hook<D: 'static>(_state: &mut D, _dh: &DisplayHandle, surface: &WlSurface) {
+    with_states(surface, |surface_data| {
+        let corners = *surface_data
+            .cached_state
+            .get::<CacheableCorners>()
+            .pending();
+        if surface_data
+            .cached_state
+            .get::<SurfaceCachedState>()
+            .pending()
+            .geometry
+            .zip(corners.0.as_ref())
+            .is_some_and(|(geo, corners)| {
+                let half_min_dim = (geo.size.w.min(geo.size.h) / 2) as u32;
+                corners.top_right > half_min_dim
+                    || corners.top_left > half_min_dim
+                    || corners.bottom_right > half_min_dim
+                    || corners.bottom_left > half_min_dim
+            })
+            && let Some(hook) = surface_data.data_map.get::<ToplevelHookId>()
+        {
+            let hook_ref = hook.lock().unwrap();
+            if let Some((_, obj)) = hook_ref.as_ref()
+                && let Ok(obj) = obj.upgrade()
+            {
+                obj.post_error(
+                    cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::Error::RadiusTooLarge as u32,
+                    format!("{obj:?} corner radius too large"),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn pad_rect(
+    mut rect: Rectangle<i32, Logical>,
+    padding: &Padding,
+) -> Option<Rectangle<i32, Logical>> {
+    rect.size.h = rect.size.h.checked_sub(padding.top)?;
+    rect.loc.x += padding.left;
+    rect.size.w = rect.size.w.checked_sub(padding.left)?;
+    rect.loc.y += padding.top;
+    rect.size.h = rect.size.h.checked_sub(padding.bottom)?;
+    rect.size.w = rect.size.w.checked_sub(padding.right)?;
+    Some(rect)
+}
+
+fn layer_radius_hook<D: 'static>(_state: &mut D, _dh: &DisplayHandle, surface: &WlSurface) {
+    let bbox = bbox_from_surface_tree(surface, Point::default());
+    with_states(surface, |surface_data| {
+        let corners = *surface_data
+            .cached_state
+            .get::<CacheableCorners>()
+            .pending();
+        let padding = *surface_data
+            .cached_state
+            .get::<CacheablePadding>()
+            .pending();
+        let empty = Padding::default();
+        let Some(padded_box) = pad_rect(bbox, padding.0.as_ref().unwrap_or(&empty)) else {
+            if let Some(hook) = surface_data.data_map.get::<LayerHookId>() {
+                let hook_ref = hook.lock().unwrap();
+                if let Some((_, obj)) = hook_ref.as_ref()
+                    && let Ok(obj) = obj.upgrade()
+                {
+                    obj.post_error(
+                        cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::PaddingTooLarge as u32,
+                        format!("{obj:?} padding too large"),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        };
+
+        if corners.0.as_ref().is_some_and(|corners| {
+            let half_min_dim = (padded_box.size.w.min(padded_box.size.h) / 2) as u32;
+            corners.top_right > half_min_dim
+                || corners.top_left > half_min_dim
+                || corners.bottom_right > half_min_dim
+                || corners.bottom_left > half_min_dim
+        }) && let Some(hook) = surface_data.data_map.get::<LayerHookId>()
+        {
+            let hook_ref = hook.lock().unwrap();
+            if let Some((_, obj)) = hook_ref.as_ref()
+                && let Ok(obj) = obj.upgrade()
+            {
+                obj.post_error(
+                    cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::Error::RadiusTooLarge as u32,
+                    format!("{obj:?} corner radius too large"),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 pub type CornerRadiusData = Mutex<CornerRadiusInternal>;
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum CornerRadiusSurface {
+    Toplevel(Weak<XdgToplevel>),
+    Popup(Weak<XdgPopup>),
+    Layer(Weak<ZwlrLayerSurfaceV1>),
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CornerRadiusInternal {
-    pub toplevel: Weak<XdgToplevel>,
+    pub surface: CornerRadiusSurface,
     pub corners: Option<Corners>,
+    pub padding: Option<Padding>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct Corners {
-    pub top_left: u8,
-    pub top_right: u8,
-    pub bottom_right: u8,
-    pub bottom_left: u8,
+    pub top_left: u32,
+    pub top_right: u32,
+    pub bottom_right: u32,
+    pub bottom_left: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct Padding {
+    pub top: i32,
+    pub right: i32,
+    pub bottom: i32,
+    pub left: i32,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -328,6 +746,18 @@ impl Cacheable for CacheableCorners {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct CacheablePadding(pub Option<Padding>);
+
+impl Cacheable for CacheablePadding {
+    fn commit(&mut self, _dh: &DisplayHandle) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+    fn merge_into(self, into: &mut Self, _dh: &DisplayHandle) {
+        *into = self;
+    }
+}
+
 impl CornerRadiusInternal {
     fn set_corner_radius(
         &mut self,
@@ -337,13 +767,23 @@ impl CornerRadiusInternal {
         bottom_left: u32,
     ) {
         let corners = Corners {
-            top_left: top_left.clamp(u8::MIN as u32, u8::MAX as u32) as u8,
-            top_right: top_right.clamp(u8::MIN as u32, u8::MAX as u32) as u8,
-            bottom_right: bottom_right.clamp(u8::MIN as u32, u8::MAX as u32) as u8,
-            bottom_left: bottom_left.clamp(u8::MIN as u32, u8::MAX as u32) as u8,
+            top_left,
+            top_right,
+            bottom_right,
+            bottom_left,
         };
         self.corners = Some(corners);
     }
+
+    fn set_padding(&mut self, top: i32, right: i32, bottom: i32, left: i32) {
+        let padding = Padding {
+            top,
+            right,
+            bottom,
+            left,
+        };
+        self.padding = Some(padding);
+    }
 }
 
 macro_rules! delegate_corner_radius {
@@ -357,6 +797,9 @@ macro_rules! delegate_corner_radius {
         smithay::reexports::wayland_server::delegate_dispatch!($(@< $( $lt $( : $clt $(+ $dlt )* )? ),+ >)? $ty: [
             cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::cosmic_corner_radius_toplevel_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusToplevelV1: CornerRadiusData
         ] => $crate::wayland::protocols::corner_radius::CornerRadiusState);
+        smithay::reexports::wayland_server::delegate_dispatch!($(@< $( $lt $( : $clt $(+ $dlt )* )? ),+ >)? $ty: [
+            cosmic_protocols::corner_radius::v1::server::cosmic_corner_radius_layer_v1::CosmicCornerRadiusLayerV1: CornerRadiusData
+        ] => $crate::wayland::protocols::corner_radius::CornerRadiusState);
     };
 }
 pub(crate) use delegate_corner_radius;

src/wayland/protocols/drm.rs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ where
                     Modifier::Invalid,
                     DmabufFlags::empty(),
                 );
-                dma.add_plane(name, 0, offset0 as u32, stride0 as u32);
+                dma.add_plane(name, offset0 as u32, stride0 as u32);
                 match dma.build() {
                     Some(dmabuf) => {
                         match state.dmabuf_imported(&data.dmabuf_global, dmabuf.clone()) {

src/wayland/protocols/keyboard_layout.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+use cosmic_protocols::keyboard_layout::v1::server::{
+    zcosmic_keyboard_layout_manager_v1::{self, ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1},
+    zcosmic_keyboard_layout_v1::{self, ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1},
+};
+use smithay::{
+    input::{
+        SeatHandler,
+        keyboard::{KeyboardHandle, Layout},
+    },
+    reexports::wayland_server::{
+        Client, DataInit, Dispatch, DisplayHandle, GlobalDispatch, New, Resource,
+    },
+    wayland::{Dispatch2, GlobalDispatch2},
+};
+use std::mem;
+use wayland_backend::server::{ClientId, GlobalId};
+
+pub trait KeyboardLayoutHandler {
+    fn keyboard_layout_state(&mut self) -> &mut KeyboardLayoutState;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct KeyboardLayoutState {
+    pub global: GlobalId,
+    keyboard_layouts: Vec<(ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1, Option<Layout>)>,
+}
+
+impl KeyboardLayoutState {
+    pub fn new<D, F>(dh: &DisplayHandle, client_filter: F) -> Self
+    where
+        D: GlobalDispatch<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1, LayoutGlobalData> + 'static,
+        F: for<'a> Fn(&'a Client) -> bool + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        let global = dh.create_global::<D, ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1, _>(
+            1,
+            LayoutGlobalData {
+                filter: Box::new(client_filter),
+            },
+        );
+        KeyboardLayoutState {
+            global,
+            keyboard_layouts: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn refresh<D>(state: &mut D)
+    where
+        D: SeatHandler + KeyboardLayoutHandler + 'static,
+    {
+        let mut keyboard_layouts = mem::take(&mut state.keyboard_layout_state().keyboard_layouts);
+        for (keyboard_layout, last_layout) in &mut keyboard_layouts {
+            if let Some(data) = keyboard_layout.data::<LayoutUserData<D>>()
+                && let Some(handle) = &data.handle
+            {
+                let active_layout = handle.with_xkb_state(state, |context| {
+                    context.xkb().lock().unwrap().active_layout()
+                });
+                if *last_layout != Some(active_layout) {
+                    keyboard_layout.group(active_layout.0);
+                    *last_layout = Some(active_layout);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        state.keyboard_layout_state().keyboard_layouts = keyboard_layouts;
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct LayoutGlobalData {
+    filter: Box<dyn for<'a> Fn(&'a Client) -> bool + Send + Sync>,
+}
+
+struct LayoutManagerData;
+
+impl<D> GlobalDispatch2<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1, D> for LayoutGlobalData
+where
+    D: Dispatch<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1, LayoutManagerData> + 'static,
+{
+    fn bind(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut D,
+        _handle: &DisplayHandle,
+        _client: &Client,
+        resource: New<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1>,
+        data_init: &mut DataInit<'_, D>,
+    ) {
+        data_init.init(resource, LayoutManagerData);
+    }
+
+    fn can_view(&self, client: &Client) -> bool {
+        (self.filter)(client)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D> Dispatch2<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1, D> for LayoutManagerData
+where
+    D: Dispatch<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1, LayoutUserData<D>>,
+    D: 'static,
+    D: SeatHandler,
+    D: KeyboardLayoutHandler,
+{
+    fn request(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut D,
+        _client: &Client,
+        _resource: &ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutManagerV1,
+        request: zcosmic_keyboard_layout_manager_v1::Request,
+        _dhandle: &DisplayHandle,
+        data_init: &mut DataInit<'_, D>,
+    ) {
+        match request {
+            zcosmic_keyboard_layout_manager_v1::Request::GetKeyboardLayout {
+                keyboard_layout,
+                keyboard,
+            } => {
+                let handle = KeyboardHandle::<D>::from_resource(&keyboard);
+                let active_layout = handle.as_ref().map(|handle| {
+                    handle.with_xkb_state(state, |context| {
+                        context.xkb().lock().unwrap().active_layout()
+                    })
+                });
+                let keyboard_layout = data_init.init(keyboard_layout, LayoutUserData { handle });
+                if let Some(layout) = active_layout {
+                    keyboard_layout.group(layout.0);
+                }
+                state
+                    .keyboard_layout_state()
+                    .keyboard_layouts
+                    .push((keyboard_layout, active_layout));
+            }
+            zcosmic_keyboard_layout_manager_v1::Request::Destroy => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+struct LayoutUserData<D: SeatHandler> {
+    handle: Option<KeyboardHandle<D>>,
+}
+
+impl<D> Dispatch2<ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1, D> for LayoutUserData<D>
+where
+    D: 'static,
+    D: SeatHandler,
+    D: KeyboardLayoutHandler,
+{
+    fn request(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut D,
+        _client: &Client,
+        _resource: &ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1,
+        request: zcosmic_keyboard_layout_v1::Request,
+        _dhandle: &DisplayHandle,
+        _data_init: &mut DataInit<'_, D>,
+    ) {
+        match request {
+            zcosmic_keyboard_layout_v1::Request::SetGroup { group } => {
+                if let Some(handle) = self.handle.as_ref() {
+                    handle.with_xkb_state(state, |mut context| {
+                        context.set_layout(Layout(group));
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            zcosmic_keyboard_layout_v1::Request::Destroy => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn destroyed(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut D,
+        _client: ClientId,
+        keyboard_layout: &ZcosmicKeyboardLayoutV1,
+    ) {
+        let keyboard_layouts = &mut state.keyboard_layout_state().keyboard_layouts;
+        if let Some(idx) = keyboard_layouts
+            .iter()
+            .position(|(x, _)| x == keyboard_layout)
+        {
+            keyboard_layouts.remove(idx);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/wayland/protocols/mod.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub mod a11y;
 pub mod corner_radius;
 pub mod drm;
 pub mod image_capture_source;
+pub mod keyboard_layout;
 pub mod output_configuration;
 pub mod output_power;
 pub mod overlap_notify;

src/xwayland.rs

@@ -807,9 +807,17 @@ impl XwmHandler for State {
                 *context,
             );
         }
-        if !shell.pending_windows.iter().any(|w| w.surface == window) {
-            let fullscreen = window.is_fullscreen().then(|| seat.active_output());
-            let maximized = window.is_maximized();
+        let fullscreen = window.is_fullscreen().then(|| seat.active_output());
+        let maximized = window.is_maximized();
+        if let Some(pending) = shell
+            .pending_windows
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|w| w.surface == window)
+        {
+            pending.seat = seat;
+            pending.fullscreen = fullscreen;
+            pending.maximized = maximized;
+        } else {
             let surface = CosmicSurface::from(window);
             shell.pending_windows.push(PendingWindow {
                 surface,