Implement common Std traits on many types (#3796)

Cargo.toml

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ android-native-activity = ["android-activity/native-activity"]
 default = ["rwh_06", "x11", "wayland", "wayland-dlopen", "wayland-csd-adwaita"]
 mint = ["dpi/mint"]
 rwh_06 = ["dep:rwh_06", "ndk/rwh_06"]
-serde = ["dep:serde", "cursor-icon/serde", "smol_str/serde", "dpi/serde"]
+serde = ["dep:serde", "cursor-icon/serde", "smol_str/serde", "dpi/serde", "bitflags/serde"]
 wayland = [
     "wayland-client",
     "wayland-backend",

src/changelog/unreleased.md

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ changelog entry.
 - Add `Touch::finger_id` with a new type `FingerId`.
 - On Web and Windows, add `FingerIdExt*::is_primary()`, exposing a way to determine
   the primary finger in a multi-touch interaction.
+- Implement `Clone`, `Copy`, `Debug`, `Deserialize`, `Eq`, `Hash`, `Ord`, `PartialEq`, `PartialOrd`
+  and `Serialize` on many types.
 
 ### Changed
 
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ changelog entry.
 - On Web, `CursorGrabMode::Locked` now lets `DeviceEvent::MouseMotion` return raw data, not OS
   accelerated, if the browser supports it.
 - `(Active)EventLoop::create_custom_cursor()` now returns a `Result<CustomCursor, ExternalError>`.
+- Changed how `ModifiersState` is serialized by Serde.
 
 ### Removed
 

src/cursor.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl CustomCursor {
 /// Source for [`CustomCursor`].
 ///
 /// See [`CustomCursor`] for more details.
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct CustomCursorSource {
     // Some platforms don't support custom cursors.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ pub struct CustomCursorSource {
 }
 
 /// An error produced when using [`CustomCursor::from_rgba`] with invalid arguments.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum BadImage {
     /// Produced when the image dimensions are larger than [`MAX_CURSOR_SIZE`]. This doesn't
     /// guarantee that the cursor will work, but should avoid many platform and device specific
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ impl Error for BadImage {}
 /// Platforms export this directly as `PlatformCustomCursorSource` if they need to only work with
 /// images.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct OnlyCursorImageSource(pub(crate) CursorImage);
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ impl PartialEq for OnlyCursorImage {
 
 impl Eq for OnlyCursorImage {}
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub(crate) struct CursorImage {
     pub(crate) rgba: Vec<u8>,

src/error.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ pub enum ExternalError {
 }
 
 /// The error type for when the requested operation is not supported by the backend.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct NotSupportedError {
     _marker: (),
 }

src/event.rs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Event {
 }
 
 /// Describes the reason the event loop is resuming.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum StartCause {
     /// Sent if the time specified by [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`] has been reached. Contains the
     /// moment the timeout was requested and the requested resume time. The actual resume time is
@@ -434,6 +434,12 @@ pub enum WindowEvent {
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct DeviceId(pub(crate) platform_impl::DeviceId);
 
+impl Default for DeviceId {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::dummy()
+    }
+}
+
 impl DeviceId {
     /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
     ///
@@ -475,7 +481,7 @@ impl FingerId {
 /// (corresponding to GUI cursors and keyboard focus) the device IDs may not match.
 ///
 /// Note that these events are delivered regardless of input focus.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum DeviceEvent {
     /// Change in physical position of a pointing device.
     ///
@@ -524,7 +530,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvent {
 /// repeat or the initial keypress. An application may emulate this by, for
 /// example keeping a Map/Set of pressed keys and determining whether a keypress
 /// corresponds to an already pressed key.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub struct RawKeyEvent {
     pub physical_key: keyboard::PhysicalKey,
@@ -669,7 +675,8 @@ pub struct KeyEvent {
 }
 
 /// Describes keyboard modifiers event.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub struct Modifiers {
     pub(crate) state: ModifiersState,
 
@@ -871,6 +878,7 @@ pub struct Touch {
 
 /// Describes the force of a touch event
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum Force {
     /// On iOS, the force is calibrated so that the same number corresponds to
     /// roughly the same amount of pressure on the screen regardless of the
@@ -1020,6 +1028,8 @@ impl PartialEq for InnerSizeWriter {
     }
 }
 
+impl Eq for InnerSizeWriter {}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};

src/event_loop.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
 /// easier. But note that constructing multiple event loops is not supported.
 ///
 /// This can be created using [`EventLoop::builder`].
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct EventLoopBuilder {
     pub(crate) platform_specific: platform_impl::PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes,
 }
@@ -115,9 +115,15 @@ impl EventLoopBuilder {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Debug for EventLoopBuilder {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("EventLoopBuilder").finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Debug for EventLoop {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.pad("EventLoop { .. }")
+        f.debug_struct("EventLoop").finish_non_exhaustive()
     }
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for EventLoop {
 ///
 /// [`Wait`]: Self::Wait
 /// [`about_to_wait`]: crate::application::ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum ControlFlow {
     /// When the current loop iteration finishes, immediately begin a new iteration regardless of
     /// whether or not new events are available to process.
@@ -419,7 +425,7 @@ pub trait ActiveEventLoop {
 ///
 /// - A zero-sized type that is likely optimized out.
 /// - A reference-counted pointer to the underlying type.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct OwnedDisplayHandle {
     #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "rwh_06"), allow(dead_code))]
     pub(crate) platform: platform_impl::OwnedDisplayHandle,
@@ -474,12 +480,13 @@ impl EventLoopProxy {
 
 impl fmt::Debug for EventLoopProxy {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.pad("EventLoopProxy { .. }")
+        f.debug_struct("ActiveEventLoop").finish_non_exhaustive()
     }
 }
 
 /// Control when device events are captured.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Default)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum DeviceEvents {
     /// Report device events regardless of window focus.
     Always,
@@ -499,7 +506,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEvents {
 /// containing [`AsyncRequestSerial`] and some closure associated with it.
 /// Then once event is arriving the working list is being traversed and a job
 /// executed and removed from the list.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct AsyncRequestSerial {
     serial: usize,
 }

src/icon.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BadIcon {
 
 impl Error for BadIcon {}
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) struct RgbaIcon {
     pub(crate) rgba: Vec<u8>,
     pub(crate) width: u32,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) struct RgbaIcon {
 }
 
 /// For platforms which don't have window icons (e.g. Web)
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) struct NoIcon;
 
 #[allow(dead_code)] // These are not used on every platform
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ mod constructors {
 }
 
 /// An icon used for the window titlebar, taskbar, etc.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Icon {
     pub(crate) inner: PlatformIcon,
 }

src/keyboard.rs

@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ impl Key {
 ///
 /// [`location`]: ../event/struct.KeyEvent.html#structfield.location
 /// [`KeyEvent`]: crate::event::KeyEvent
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum KeyLocation {
     /// The key is in its "normal" location on the keyboard.
@@ -1700,6 +1700,7 @@ bitflags! {
     ///
     /// Each flag represents a modifier and is set if this modifier is active.
     #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
     pub struct ModifiersState: u32 {
         /// The "shift" key.
         const SHIFT = 0b100;
@@ -1735,7 +1736,8 @@ impl ModifiersState {
 }
 
 /// The state of the particular modifiers key.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ModifiersKeyState {
     /// The particular key is pressed.
     Pressed,
@@ -1754,6 +1756,7 @@ pub enum ModifiersKeyState {
 // on macOS due to their AltGr/Option situation.
 bitflags! {
     #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
     pub(crate) struct ModifiersKeys: u8 {
         const LSHIFT   = 0b0000_0001;
         const RSHIFT   = 0b0000_0010;
@@ -1765,51 +1768,3 @@ bitflags! {
         const RSUPER   = 0b1000_0000;
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
-mod modifiers_serde {
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
-
-    use super::ModifiersState;
-
-    #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    #[serde(default)]
-    #[serde(rename = "ModifiersState")]
-    pub struct ModifiersStateSerialize {
-        pub shift_key: bool,
-        pub control_key: bool,
-        pub alt_key: bool,
-        pub super_key: bool,
-    }
-
-    impl Serialize for ModifiersState {
-        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-        where
-            S: Serializer,
-        {
-            let s = ModifiersStateSerialize {
-                shift_key: self.shift_key(),
-                control_key: self.control_key(),
-                alt_key: self.alt_key(),
-                super_key: self.super_key(),
-            };
-            s.serialize(serializer)
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ModifiersState {
-        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where
-            D: Deserializer<'de>,
-        {
-            let ModifiersStateSerialize { shift_key, control_key, alt_key, super_key } =
-                ModifiersStateSerialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-            let mut m = ModifiersState::empty();
-            m.set(ModifiersState::SHIFT, shift_key);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::CONTROL, control_key);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::ALT, alt_key);
-            m.set(ModifiersState::SUPER, super_key);
-            Ok(m)
-        }
-    }
-}

src/monitor.rs

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for VideoModeHandle {
 /// to check.
 ///
 /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct MonitorHandle {
     pub(crate) inner: platform_impl::MonitorHandle,
 }

src/platform/ios.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
 
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
 use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
 use crate::window::{Window, WindowAttributes};
 
@@ -355,6 +358,7 @@ impl MonitorHandleExtIOS for MonitorHandle {
 
 /// Valid orientations for a particular [`Window`].
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ValidOrientations {
     /// Excludes `PortraitUpsideDown` on iphone
     #[default]
@@ -371,6 +375,7 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
     ///
     /// [edges]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uirectedge?language=objc
     #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
     pub struct ScreenEdge: u8 {
         const NONE   = 0;
         const TOP    = 1 << 0;
@@ -382,7 +387,8 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum StatusBarStyle {
     #[default]
     Default,

src/platform/macos.rs

@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ impl WindowExtMacOS for Window {
 
 /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicy`.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ActivationPolicy {
     /// Corresponds to `NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular`.
     #[default]
@@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtMacOS for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
 /// Option as alt behavior.
 ///
 /// The default is `None`.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum OptionAsAlt {
     /// The left `Option` key is treated as `Alt`.

src/platform/pump_events.rs

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ impl EventLoopExtPumpEvents for EventLoop {
 }
 
 /// The return status for `pump_events`
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub enum PumpStatus {
     /// Continue running external loop.
     Continue,

src/platform/web.rs

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 #[cfg(web_platform)]
 use web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement;
 
@@ -429,7 +431,8 @@ impl ActiveEventLoopExtWeb for &dyn ActiveEventLoop {
 }
 
 /// Strategy used for [`ControlFlow::Poll`][crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::Poll].
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum PollStrategy {
     /// Uses [`Window.requestIdleCallback()`] to queue the next event loop. If not available
     /// this will fallback to [`setTimeout()`].
@@ -455,7 +458,8 @@ pub enum PollStrategy {
 }
 
 /// Strategy used for [`ControlFlow::WaitUntil`][crate::event_loop::ControlFlow::WaitUntil].
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum WaitUntilStrategy {
     /// Uses the [Prioritized Task Scheduling API] to queue the next event loop. If not available
     /// this will fallback to [`setTimeout()`].
@@ -524,7 +528,8 @@ impl CustomCursorExtWeb for CustomCursor {
 }
 
 /// An error produced when using [`CustomCursor::from_animation`] with invalid arguments.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum BadAnimation {
     /// Produced when no cursors were supplied.
     Empty,
@@ -557,7 +562,8 @@ impl Future for CustomCursorFuture {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum CustomCursorError {
     Blob,
     Decode(String),

src/platform/windows.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::path::Path;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
 use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
 use crate::event::{DeviceId, FingerId};
 use crate::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ pub type HMONITOR = isize;
 ///
 /// [`DWM_SYSTEMBACKDROP_TYPE docs`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/ne-dwmapi-dwm_systembackdrop_type
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum BackdropType {
     /// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_AUTO`.
     ///
@@ -54,6 +58,7 @@ pub enum BackdropType {
 /// Describes a color used by Windows
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub struct Color(u32);
 
 impl Color {
@@ -82,6 +87,7 @@ impl Default for Color {
 /// [`DWM_WINDOW_CORNER_PREFERENCE docs`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/ne-dwmapi-dwm_window_corner_preference
 #[repr(i32)]
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum CornerPreference {
     /// Corresponds to `DWMWCP_DEFAULT`.
     ///
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@ pub enum CornerPreference {
 /// A wrapper around a [`Window`] that ignores thread-specific window handle limitations.
 ///
 /// See [`WindowBorrowExtWindows::any_thread`] for more information.
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct AnyThread<W>(W);
 
 impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AnyThread<W> {

src/platform_impl/android/mod.rs

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub struct EventLoop {
     combining_accent: Option<char>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(crate) struct PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
     pub(crate) android_app: Option<AndroidApp>,
     pub(crate) ignore_volume_keys: bool,
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/event_loop.rs

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ impl EventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/apple/appkit/window_delegate.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ use crate::window::{
     WindowAttributes, WindowButtons, WindowId as RootWindowId, WindowLevel,
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub movable_by_window_background: bool,
     pub titlebar_transparent: bool,

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/event_loop.rs

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/apple/uikit/window.rs

@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ impl From<&AnyObject> for WindowId {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub scale_factor: Option<f64>,
     pub valid_orientations: ValidOrientations,

src/platform_impl/linux/mod.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl ApplicationName {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub name: Option<ApplicationName>,
     pub activation_token: Option<ActivationToken>,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub x11: X11WindowAttributes,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg(x11_platform)]
 pub struct X11WindowAttributes {
     pub visual_id: Option<x11rb::protocol::xproto::Visualid>,
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl FingerId {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum MonitorHandle {
     #[cfg(x11_platform)]
     X(x11::MonitorHandle),
@@ -850,6 +850,21 @@ impl OwnedDisplayHandle {
     }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for OwnedDisplayHandle {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self, other) {
+            #[cfg(x11_platform)]
+            (Self::X(this), Self::X(other)) => Arc::as_ptr(this).eq(&Arc::as_ptr(other)),
+            #[cfg(wayland_platform)]
+            (Self::Wayland(this), Self::Wayland(other)) => this.eq(other),
+            #[cfg(all(x11_platform, wayland_platform))]
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for OwnedDisplayHandle {}
+
 /// Returns the minimum `Option<Duration>`, taking into account that `None`
 /// equates to an infinite timeout, not a zero timeout (so can't just use
 /// `Option::min`)

src/platform_impl/orbital/event_loop.rs

@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/web/cursor.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use super::ActiveEventLoop;
 use crate::cursor::{BadImage, Cursor, CursorImage, CustomCursor as RootCustomCursor};
 use crate::platform::web::CustomCursorError;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) enum CustomCursorSource {
     Image(CursorImage),
     Url { url: String, hotspot_x: u16, hotspot_y: u16 },

src/platform_impl/web/event_loop/window_target.rs

@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/web/window.rs

@@ -457,6 +457,18 @@ pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub(crate) append: bool,
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        (match (&self.canvas, &other.canvas) {
+            (Some(this), Some(other)) => Arc::ptr_eq(this, other),
+            (None, None) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }) && self.prevent_default.eq(&other.prevent_default)
+            && self.focusable.eq(&other.focusable)
+            && self.append.eq(&other.append)
+    }
+}
+
 impl PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub(crate) fn set_canvas(&mut self, canvas: Option<backend::RawCanvasType>) {
         let Some(canvas) = canvas else {

src/platform_impl/windows/event_loop.rs

@@ -143,6 +143,28 @@ impl Default for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
     }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.any_thread.eq(&other.any_thread)
+            && self.dpi_aware.eq(&other.dpi_aware)
+            && match (&self.msg_hook, &other.msg_hook) {
+                (Some(this), Some(other)) => std::ptr::eq(&this, &other),
+                (None, None) => true,
+                _ => false,
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for PlatformSpecificEventLoopAttributes {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.any_thread.hash(state);
+        self.dpi_aware.hash(state);
+        std::ptr::hash(&self.msg_hook, state);
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct ActiveEventLoop {
     thread_id: u32,
     thread_msg_target: HWND,
@@ -565,7 +587,7 @@ impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for ActiveEventLoop {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct OwnedDisplayHandle;
 
 impl OwnedDisplayHandle {

src/platform_impl/windows/icon.rs

@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ pub enum IconType {
     Big = ICON_BIG as isize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 struct RaiiIcon {
     handle: HICON,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct WinIcon {
     inner: Arc<RaiiIcon>,
 }

src/platform_impl/windows/mod.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::keyboard::Key;
 use crate::platform::windows::{BackdropType, Color, CornerPreference};
 use crate::platform_impl::Fullscreen;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes {
     pub owner: Option<HWND>,
     pub menu: Option<HMENU>,

src/window.rs

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ pub struct Window {
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for Window {
-    fn fmt(&self, fmtr: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        fmtr.pad("Window { .. }")
+        f.debug_struct("Window").finish_non_exhaustive()
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,6 +58,20 @@ impl Drop for Window {
     }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for Window {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id().eq(&other.id())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Window {}
+
+impl std::hash::Hash for Window {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.id().hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Identifier of a window. Unique for each window.
 ///
 /// Can be obtained with [`window.id()`][`Window::id`].
@@ -99,7 +113,7 @@ impl From<u64> for WindowId {
 }
 
 /// Attributes used when creating a window.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct WindowAttributes {
     pub inner_size: Option<Size>,
     pub min_inner_size: Option<Size>,
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ impl Default for WindowAttributes {
 ///
 /// The user has to account for that when using [`WindowAttributes::with_parent_window()`],
 /// which is `unsafe`.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
 pub(crate) struct SendSyncRawWindowHandle(pub(crate) rwh_06::RawWindowHandle);
 
@@ -1685,6 +1699,7 @@ pub enum CursorGrabMode {
 
 /// Defines the orientation that a window resize will be performed.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ResizeDirection {
     East,
     North,
@@ -1713,7 +1728,7 @@ impl From<ResizeDirection> for CursorIcon {
 }
 
 /// Fullscreen modes.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Fullscreen {
     Exclusive(VideoModeHandle),
 
@@ -1722,7 +1737,7 @@ pub enum Fullscreen {
 }
 
 /// The theme variant to use.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum Theme {
     /// Use the light variant.
@@ -1739,7 +1754,8 @@ pub enum Theme {
 ///
 /// [`Critical`]: Self::Critical
 /// [`Informational`]: Self::Informational
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum UserAttentionType {
     /// ## Platform-specific
     ///
@@ -1773,7 +1789,8 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
 /// ## Platform-specific
 ///
 /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland:** Unsupported.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum WindowLevel {
     /// The window will always be below normal windows.
     ///
@@ -1796,8 +1813,9 @@ pub enum WindowLevel {
 /// ## Platform-specific
 ///
 /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Windows / X11 / macOS / Orbital:** Unsupported.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum ImePurpose {
     /// No special hints for the IME (default).
     Normal,
@@ -1818,7 +1836,7 @@ impl Default for ImePurpose {
 /// An opaque token used to activate the [`Window`].
 ///
 /// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
 pub struct ActivationToken {
     pub(crate) _token: String,
 }